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AP WORLD HISTORY

AP WORLD HISTORY. PART 3 AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS 600-1500. TRADE. DISCUSS WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW! 5 W’S IMPORTANCE!. Discussion time. Do cultural areas, as opposed to states and empires, better represent history? Cultural areas are those that share a common culture.

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AP WORLD HISTORY

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  1. AP WORLD HISTORY PART 3 AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS 600-1500

  2. TRADE • DISCUSS WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW! • 5 W’S • IMPORTANCE!

  3. Discussion time. • Do cultural areas, as opposed to states and empires, better represent history? • Cultural areas are those that share a common culture. • Respect for geographical limitations not followed

  4. 2. How does change occur within societies? • Trading • Migrations • Invasions • Why are people moving around? • Impact? • Change occurs because of internal developments no external influences.

  5. 3. How similar were the economic and trading practices that developed across cultures? • Monetary Systems • Trade Routes • Trade Practices • How do they link up?

  6. 4.How does the environment impact human decision making? • How do states respond to environmental changes? • Do they move or send out raiding parties? • Are they able to respond quickly and successfully to environmental changes?

  7. Review of History Within Civilizations 600 CE-1450 • Classical Period collapses • Long distance trade increases • Caravans of Silk routes • Multi-ethnic Indian Ocean sailors • Trips across Sahara to West Africa • Trade in Mediterranean • Decentralization of Western Europe • Expansion of trading empires of Middle East and China

  8. Developments in Asia • 3 Major dynasties • Tang, Song, Ming • Developed Golden Ages • Influenced • Korea • Vietnam • Cambodia

  9. Tang(618-907 AD) • Emperor Xuanzong • Bureaucratic system (merit, civil service exams) • Military garrisons along trade routes and capital Xi’an • Tribute system (territories sent ambassadors and gifts “kowtow”) • Expanded into Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet, Korea • Golden Age • age of Buddhism • Footbinding • woodblock printing • Gunpowder • Paper Money • Magnetic compass • Poetry tells of daily life • Economy • Paper money • Letters of credit (flying cash) • Increased trade and cultural diffusion • Local warlords gained power and dynasty collapsed • Uighurs (nomadic Turks brought in the stop rebellions but eventually became attackers)

  10. Song (960-1279 AD) • Song Taizu • Used army and consolidated China • Similar rule as Tang • Capital in southern portion, Hangzhou • Wealth base on powerful navy and International trade • Golden Age • Moveable type (increased literacy) • Porcelain • Gunpowder used for military • Magnetic compass • Watertight bulkheads • Sternpost rudders for junks (merchant/battleships) • Iron production increased • Produced steel using water-driven-bellows to produce needed temp. • Introduction of champa RICE from Vietnam=population increase (115 million in 1200) • Peasant Rebellions and Mongols led to fall of dynasty

  11. Ming • 1368-1644 • Zhu Yuanzhang • Red turban rebellion against Mongols • Ended corruption and reestablished an authoritarian gov’t bureaucracy using eunuchs • Chengzu (son) • Imperial Palace (Forbidden City) constructed in Beijing (1406-1421) • Golden Age • Focused on Chinese culture • Zheng He • Sea expeditons led to increased trade • Fortified Great Wall • Expanded Canal System

  12. Religion • Nestorianism • Christianity w/difference based on holy trinity • Manicheans • Persian founder Mani used cosmology to explain conflict between light and dark, good or evil • Zoroastrianism • Persian • Islam • Buddhism • Mahayana: nirvana can be attained through faith alone • Chan/Zen: school of mahayana based on meditation and Dharma • Confucianism • Neo-Confucianism: Zhu Xi adapted Buddhist concepts to Confucian values. Expanded into Vietnam, Korea and Japan • Doaism

  13. Women • Confucian=subordinate • Under Tang: • Empress Wu Zhoa took over after husband’s death. • Considered fair-minded. • Footbinding • Strengthened Confucian ideas

  14. Korea Vietnam North subdued by Tang South rebelled Both absorbed agricultural ideas, schools of thought, and irrigation techniques. Maintained indigenous religions Women more active in society • Silla Dynasty • 668-935 • Unified Korea • Vassal state of Tang 7th century • Adopted Confucian values • Koryo Dynasty • 935-1392 • Copied chinese civil service exams • Bureaucracy • Slavery • Choson/Yi Dynasty • 1392-1910 • Established after Mongols left • Hermit Kingdom • 19th century term used for its closed door policy for foreigners • Cultural bridge btwn. China and Japan

  15. Japan • 4 main islands: isolation • Influenced by Korea and China • Yamato Clan • 5th century • First and only dynasty • Direct descendent of Amaterasu Shinto sun goddess • Prince Shotoku • Taika Reforms • Borrowed ideas on gov’t from Tang • Rejected confucianism • Grand Council of State –administrative districts • Heian Period • Fujiwara Family • Ruled Japan 794 after Shotoku’s death • Golden Age • Lady MurasakiTale of the Genji

  16. Feudal Japan • Developed same time as in Europe • Kamakura Shogunate • 1192 YoritomoMinamoto • Bakufu “Tent” system of gov’t • Shogun chief general • Daimyo (powerful land owners • Samurai (warrior/nobility) • Bushido (code of Behavior) • Zen Buddhism • Loyalty, courage, honor • Women were not held in high esteem, could not learn chinese • Kyoto Shogunate • 1333 Ashikaga • Onin War 1467-1477 threatened unity • Samurai gained immense respect-carry weapons and have last names

  17. Europe • Dark Ages (476 AD -800) • End of Roman Rule in western Europe • Rise of Tribes (Franks, Saxons, vikings) • learning/education • Preserved by monks and muslims • Based off of ancient writings • decentralized government • Owed alegiances • no common language • Latin for educated • no unity

  18. Europe 6th century

  19. Middle Ages (800-1300) • Feudalism • fiefdom= system of loyalties • Manorialism-self sufficient estate • Chivalry-code of conduct • Church-most powerful institution • political-economic-social organization • controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare • only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies • Crusades • Inquisition • tithe • 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Holy Roman Empire

  20. FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

  21. Parts of a Medieval Castle

  22. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

  23. The Medieval Manor

  24. The Medieval Catholic Church • filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. • monasticism: • St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • provided schools for the children of the upper class. • inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. • libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. • monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

  25. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

  26. Romanesque Architectural Style • Rounded Arches. • Barrel vaults. • Thick walls. • Darker, simplistic interiors. • Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

  27. A Medieval Monk’s Day

  28. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

  29. Illuminated Manuscripts

  30. The Rise of European Monarchies: England • Saxons were brought over by the Romans/Britons as mercenaries early 5th century. • They expanded their territory and controlled much of England until 1066.

  31. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Bayeaux Tapestry

  32. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I • “Great Charter” • monarchs were not above the law. • kings had to consult a council of advisors. • kings could not tax arbitrarily.

  33. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

  34. The Beginnings of the British Parliament • Great Council: • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. • eventually called Parliament. • by 1400, two chambers evolved: • House of Lords=nobles & clergy. • House of Commons=knights and burgesses. • Great Council: • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. • eventually called Parliament. • by 1400, two chambers evolved: • House of Lords: nobles & clergy. • House of Commons: knights and burgesses.

  35. The Rise of European Monarchies: France • 3 C’s • Clovis, Charles Martel, Charlemagne • Capetians • 987 Hugh Capet selected after death of last Carolingian emperor. • Controlled Normandy, Brittany, Burgundy, Aquitaine • Established the Estates General (3 Estates) • 1066 William of Normandy conquered England bringing territory with him. (Angevin Kingdom) –Hiundred Years’ War

  36. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

  37. Charlemagne’s Empire

  38. Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

  39. The Carolingian Renaissance

  40. Carolingian Miniscule

  41. Treaty of Verdun 843

  42. Holy Roman Empire • 800 Charlemagne 1st HRE • Saxons convert or be killed • Saxon King Widukind converted 785 • 962 Otto I proclaimed Holy Roman Emperor by Pope • Tensions between Pope and Emperor • 1075 Investiture Contest Controversy • Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV for attempting to name bishops • 1122 Concordat of Worms • Pope chooses spiritual leaders, Emperor chooses political leaders • Voltaire “neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire” • Secular German group of states • 1176 Frederick Barbarossa • Tried to enlarge empire through northern Italy • 1220-1250: Frederick II • King of Italy and German States • Promoted arts and science

  43. Italy After Justinian: • Controlled by Lombards • 773 Charlemagne took over Italy • Otto I combined Italy and Germany making HRE • 10th Century rise of City-States • Burghers rose in power • Trade with Muslims • Crusades • Banking Centers • Medici family • Venice + Genoa important cities

  44. Agricultural Revolution (after 900) • New inventions (harness for horses,3 field system, moldboard plow) • More food =more people= more trade routes = fairs =towns • Crusades-Holy Wars (1095- 1270) resulted in increased: • Trade, cultural diffusion, knowledge • Commercial Revolution(1500s) • New business practices (checks, banks) • Capital = $ exchanged instead of bartering • end of feudalism • Important trade cities (Venice, Hanseatic League)

  45. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

  46. Setting Out on Crusade

  47. Christian Crusades: East and West

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