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Revolution and Independence: China and India Journey

Explore the post-war era in China and India, from the fall of the Qing dynasty to Gandhi's non-violence movement, communist revolution in China to India's independence. Discover the struggles, triumphs, and political transformations that shaped these nations.

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Revolution and Independence: China and India Journey

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  1. Postwar China and India

  2. China • 1911 Revolution ends Qing dynasty • Sun Yat Sen is elected president, but powerful warlords throw the country into chaos • Sun’s successor, Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi), leads the GMD against the warlords, the Japanese, and the communists • Corruption in the GMD, and the exploitation of peasants, lead to its failure

  3. Meanwhile…Mao Zedong begins to organize the peasants • Believed that peasants, not industrial workers, were the key to reforming Chinese society • Chiang’s forces continue to attack the communists (nearly surround them) • In 1934, Mao leads 80,000 people on a year-long march to safety at Shaanxi; called the Long March • By 1945, the communists have strengthened and forced the GMD into exile in Taiwan (U.S. tried to help GMD) • Civil War over, communist government begins

  4. Goals of the Communist Revolution • Redistribution of land- goodbye landlords • Women’s rights: literacy, military involvement, land ownership, no arranged marriages or foot binding • Restricted Confucian traditions • New technology- 1964 atomic bomb • Equal distribution of wealth • Universal literacy • Eventually will seek to expel foreigners

  5. Early communism in China • In the beginning, open ideas and criticism of the government were encouraged • By 1957, the party cracks down on dissidents • The Great Leap Forward- Govt. controlled economic restructuring; attempts to localize industry and do away with any private enterprise (village-based industrialization) • Massive failure; millions starve • Mass Line approach

  6. Cultural Revolution- 1966-69 • Mao’s attempt to stifle political opposition. Teachers, professors jailed and sent to labor camps  • After this period, China reinvests in industry and the economy improves dramatically • China becomes more open to the west. Nixon visits China. U.S. and China become friends…kinda

  7. India • Gandhi • South Africa- racial discrimination • Non-violence • Civil-disobedience- fasts; salt march • Hindu-Muslim unity • End of Untouchability • Emphasis on peasants • Simple technology (spinning wheel) • Assassinated in 1948 by a religious extremist

  8. Gandhi Quotes • “I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent • “The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong” • “An eye for eye will make the whole world go blind” • When asked by a reporter what he thought of western civilization, Gandhi replied “I think it would be a good idea” • “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth” -Albert Einstein

  9. India gains its independence in 1947- democracy • The nation of Pakistan is created in 1947 with an officially Muslim government

  10. India since Independence • World’s largest democracy • First female Prime Minister- Indira Gandhi • Still very patriarchal- women far behind men in literacy rates • Green Revolution • Industrialization

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