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Life During the Civil War

Life During the Civil War. 16.4. Ending Slavery. President Lincoln felt slave labor helped the Confederacy After Union victory at Antietam (Sept. 1862), he passed the Emancipation Proclamation as a military order. Emancipation Proclamation.

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Life During the Civil War

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  1. Life During the Civil War 16.4

  2. Ending Slavery • President Lincoln felt slave labor helped the Confederacy • After Union victory at Antietam (Sept. 1862), he passed the Emancipation Proclamationas a military order

  3. Emancipation Proclamation • Declared all slaves held in rebel areas by Jan. 1, 1863 were forever free! • Did not apply to border-states or parts already occupied by Union forces • Allowed the creation of all-black regiments in the Union Army

  4. 1st South Carolina Volunteers • 1st All-Black regiment in Civil War • Led by Thomas Wentworth Higginson of Worcester, MA

  5. Lincoln’s Strategy Deprive the South of its labor Enlarge Union army with Black soldiers Use Emancipation to drive wedge between Britain & the Confederacy

  6. Effect of the Proclamation • Didn’t free a single slave initially • Changes the Union object in war from “Preserve the Union” to “End Slavery” • Result was decline in army volunteers • Gave Lincoln immortal status in history

  7. African Americans in the War • 1862: Lincoln allows enlistment of Contrabands = escaped slaves • About 180,000 Blacks fought in segregated units • Lincoln gave them credit for helping Union victory

  8. 54th Massachusetts • Most famous Black Regiment in Civil War • Lost ½ of its numbers in its attack on Ft. Wagner, SC.

  9. Unrest in the North • Death toll & Emancipation made the war unpopular • Copperheads: Northern Democrats who criticized Lincoln & sympathized with the South

  10. In order to silence them, Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus • protection from unlawful imprisonment • Is Constitutional in times of invasion or rebellion!

  11. The Northern Draft • Lack of volunteers led Congress to pass the 1st military draft in US History • Allowed people to pay $300 to get a substitute • VERY UNPOPULAR!!! = Led to Riots in major cities such as New York

  12. Southern Struggles • Union blockade crippled the South • By 1865: the Confederacy did not have enough food or supplies for its troops. • States Rights philosophy kept the states from working together

  13. Southern Draft • Confederate Congress allowed those with over 20 slaves to be exempt = unpopular among poor. • Soldiers deserted the army daily

  14. Prisoners of War • Suffered on Both sides • Worst was the POW camp for captured Union troops at Andersonville, Georgia.

  15. Clara Barton • Nurse, educator, activist from Oxford, MA • Founder of the American Red Cross

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