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Evidence for the centrality of experience

Evidence for the centrality of experience. Evidence for the centrality of experience. Psycholinguistic Studies of Entrenchment Catherine L. Harris (1997) Constrains on Statistical learning Jenny R. Saffran (2002). Outline of Lecture. The big picture Idiom-level representation

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Evidence for the centrality of experience

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  1. Evidence for the centrality of experience

  2. Evidence for the centrality of experience • Psycholinguistic Studies of Entrenchment Catherine L. Harris (1997) • Constrains on Statistical learning Jenny R. Saffran (2002)

  3. Outline of Lecture • The big picture • Idiom-level representation • Collocation level representation • Statistical learning • Conclusions

  4. The big picture • Psycholinguistics • Computation

  5. Evidence for the Centrality of Experience • Entrenchment • Statistics • Performance

  6. Entrenched expressions • Words (Carr 1986) • Common word combinations (collocations) • Multi word idioms

  7. Does “Idiom Level” of Representation exist ? (Harris 1997) • Priming • Semantic priming • Spreading activation • Semantic integration Great minds think alike • Great minds  alike • Minds think  alike

  8. Idiom level Great minds think alike • 42 - 4 words idiom • Contiguous with target • Noncontiguous with target • 30 – first two words best eliciting • 12 – middle two words best eliciting. • Associative and Semantic trios • baby, cradle -> bottle -semantic • ear, foot -> mouth -associative • doctor, nurse -> surgeon -both

  9. Results • Degree of priming • Semantic – 57 • Associated – 42 • Both - 65 • Idioms – 44 • No difference between the groups

  10. Results Prime was: Best elicited idioms

  11. Conclusions so Far… • Idiom Level of Representation exist • Syntactic schema

  12. Does Collocation Level of Representation exist ? (Harris 1997) • Is priming good enough? • Cradle -> baby • Processing letters • Word Superior Effect -Carr(1986) • Random word pairs vs. collocation

  13. Collocation X G TAX BILL

  14. Collocation

  15. Collocation • Letter detection was better in the collocation than in other stimuli. • “sophisticated guessing” • Collocation “friends” • Bog down/bow down • Superiority of detection of words in collocation remains

  16. Collocation • Are collocations activated in response to partial input? • Trick items • Tag bill • Eight club • Accuracy impaired • 65% trick condition • 90% collocation condition

  17. Conclusions so Far… • Idiom Level of Representation exist • Syntactic schema • Collocation level representation exist • Polysemous words interpretation • Child language acquisition • Computation

  18. Constraints on Statistical Learning (Safran 2002) • Predictive dependencies affect learnability of sequential structures • Domains

  19. Constraints on Statistical Learning (Safran 2002) • Combinatorial explosion • Source of the constraints • Linear input to Nonlinear structure (the professor (graded (the exam)) • Innate knowledge • Dependency relations between categories

  20. Word categories

  21. Language P vs. Language N

  22. Rules for both languages

  23. Results

  24. Results • Adults p > n • Children p>n • Other domains

  25. Conclusions • Language evolved to fit the human learner • Similarities among human languages may reflect constrains to fit human learner • Bridge between nature and nurture

  26. Summary • Entrenchment • Representation of idioms • Representation of collocations • Representation of words • Statistics • Between words • Between word categories • Phonemes • Letters • Performance • Acquiring predictable language • using idioms or collocations

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