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Pronoun Case

Pronoun Case. Indefinite Pronouns indefinite=not precise or a certain number ( adj ) pronoun=replaces a noun. Indefinite Pronouns. An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that does not refer to a particular person, place, or thing. Examples: anybody, much, everything, someone, both, several.

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Pronoun Case

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  1. Pronoun Case

  2. Indefinite Pronounsindefinite=not precise or a certain number (adj)pronoun=replaces a noun

  3. Indefinite Pronouns • An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that does not refer to a particular person, place, or thing. • Examples: anybody, much, everything, someone, both, several

  4. 3 types= singular, plural, and just plan “weird”

  5. Indefinite Pronouns • When an indefinite pronoun is used as the subject of a sentence, the verb must agree with it in number. Everyonereads part of the novel. (singular) Severalenjoy it very much. (plural)

  6. Indefinite Pronouns • Possessive pronouns often have indefinite pronouns as their antecedents. The pronouns must still agree in number. Several are presenting their interpretations of the novel. (singular) Each of the students has his or her ideas about its meaning. (plural)

  7. Singular Indefinite Pronouns • -body, -one, -thing • Each, either, neither, another, much

  8. Singular (cont.) • Neither gets an A. • No one sits down. • Somebody cleans up daily. • Singular indefinite => singular verb • Remember singular present tense verbs end in “s”; plural verbs do not.

  9. Plural Indefinite Pronouns • Both, few, many, others, several Manycry in movies. Severallaugh uncontrollably.

  10. “Weird” Indefinite Pronouns • Can be singular or plural depending on the sentence • All, any, most, none, some, and more • So how do we tell? Look at the object of the preposition behind it and the verb.

  11. All of the book is ruined. • All=weird indefinite pronoun • (of the book)=book is singular • Verb “is”=singular Therefore, all is singular.

  12. All of them are here. • All=weird indefinite pronoun • (of them)= them is plural • Verb “are”=plural Therefore, all is plural.

  13. Remember… • The subject and verb must agree. • Your subject is NOT in a prepositional phrase.

  14. Indefinite pronouns need to be memorized by Monday.P. 443 in grammar book

  15. Pronoun Case • The form of the pronoun that shows its use in the sentence (DO, IO, OP, Sub., PN) 3 Types: • Nominative • Objective • Possessive

  16. Nominative Case • When the pronoun acts like a subject or predicate nominative • Subject=before the verb in an independent or dependent clause • Predicate nominative=After a linking verb in an independent or dependent clause

  17. He and Joe play basketball. (subject) • That game, in which he scored thirty points, was a record breaker. (subject of dep. clause) • It was he and shethat hurt the plant. (Predicate Nominative) • Who are they? (Predicate Nominative)

  18. Trick for PN: Switch the PN with the subject. It should “sound” correct. The runner was I. (I=PN) I was the runner. (I=subject)

  19. Elliptical Clauses • Ellipses….(leave something off) • Elliptical Clauses=Subordinate clauses that: • Omit the verb • Begin with than or as • Usually are at the end of the sentence

  20. Elliptical Clauses • They are louder than we. • He is stronger than I. These sound funny, but they are right! Most of the time we are wrong when we speak.  Trick: Complete the clause by adding the omitted verb. • They are louder than weare. • He is stronger than Iam.

  21. Objective Case • Used as a direct or indirect object or object of the preposition

  22. Objective Case: DOs and IOs • Come behind action verbs The teacher praisedus. (DO) The teacher gaveuspraise. (IO)

  23. If there’s more than one DO or IO, use each alone to “hear” the correct case. • The letter infuriated Tom and me. • The letter infuriated Tom. • The letter infuriated me.

  24. Object of the Preposition • The candy is (for him and her). • If there is more than one OP, use each alone to “hear” the correct case. • Between Joe and me, I’m the taller. • Between Joe, I’m the taller. • Between me, I’m the taller.

  25. Possessive Case • Possessive=show ownership • Can be directly in front of the thing it’s possessing or it can stand alone • The volvo was his car. • The volvo was his.

  26. Common Possessive Pronouns • His, her(s), their(s), our(s), my, mine, your(s), whose, its • Its=no apostrophe=possessive • It’s=with apostrophe=contraction“it is” • Whose=no apostrophe=possessive • Who’s=with apostrophe=contraction “who is”

  27. Who’s in charge? • Who is in charge? • NOT: Whose in charge? • Whose car is this? • NOT: Who’s car is this?

  28. Pronouns with Appositives • Appositive: a noun that identifies the word directly in front of it We students study well. We= subject students=appositive The best players showedus girls plays. Us=DO girls=appositive

  29. “Who” vs. “Whom” Who • Nominative case (subject or PN) • Who called me? (s) • Those who study do best. (sub. of dep. cl.) • That was who? (PN) Whom • Objective case (DO, IO, or OP) • To whom are you speaking? (OP) • Mary gave whom the money? (IO) • Dad loves whom? (DO)

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