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Asia 1800-1914

Fall of the Qing Dynasty . Asia 1800-1914 . Quing – means “pure” In power from 1644 until 1911 Provided a measure of ethnic and cultural acceptance with the Manchu Some religious tolerance (Christianity included) . Background .

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Asia 1800-1914

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  1. Fall of the Qing Dynasty Asia 1800-1914

  2. Quing – means “pure” • In power from 1644 until 1911 • Provided a measure of ethnic and cultural acceptance with the Manchu • Some religious tolerance (Christianity included)

  3. Background • The Qing dynasty had enjoyed many years of peace and prosperity • In 1800, they were at the height of their power

  4. The fall…. • Why? • Foreign pressures • Domestic pressures

  5. Foreign Pressure • In early 1800s Euro. Merchants were restricted to trading city of Guangzhou (GWONG-JO) • British had an unfavourable “trade imbalance” (they imported more than they exported)

  6. British people loved Chinese silk, tea and porcelain Chinese wanted only cotton from India This was draining British silver supplies

  7. So…. • Britain tries to negotiate more trading ports but Qing refuse • Now what?

  8. Give them DRUGS! • British begin sending opium from India into China • Chinese quickly became addicted and silver flowed back into Britain

  9. Qing response • Appealed to British gov’t to stop trading opium (they refuse) • They blockade British ships and confiscate opium • So began “The Opium War”

  10. The Opium War • British ships destroy coastal forts, Chinese ships and sail unopposed up the Yangtze river to Nanjing

  11. Treaty of Nanjing 1842 • Qing quickly made peace • British got…. • More ports open for trading • Hong Kong • Qing had to pay for war costs

  12. 2nd Opium War 1860 • British and French want even more ports for trading • Results = Treaty of Tianjin 1858 • More trade • LEGALIZATION OF OPIUM! • When Qing resisted some parts Of treaty, British seized Beijing

  13. A fallen Qing Fort

  14. Domestic Pressure • Qing fail to deal with domestic issues, including • Famine • Going bankrupt • Peasant unrest

  15. Your Job Tai Ping 467-468 Boxer – 471 THIS WILL BE A TEST QUESTION SO MAKE SURE YOU DO A GOOD JOB!

  16. Tai Ping Rebellion • Peasant rebellion, lasts 14 years! • One of the bloodiest civil wars ever (20+ million deaths) • Led by Hong Xiuquan – a Christian convert he believed God wanted him to destroy the Qing

  17. Tai Ping Rebellion • Rebels wanted… • Give all peasants land • Treat women as equals • Equal distribution of food clothes, money -outlaw alcohol and tobacco

  18. Cont’d • March 1853 – rebels seize Nanjing (2nd largest city) and murder 25,000 men, women and children • 1864 – Europeans help Qing destroy the rebels once and for all

  19. Qing response • Hoping to avoid more civil conflict, they began a program of “self strengthening” • Adopted Western technology • Factories built to produce new weapons • Increased their military strength • Built modern ships and railroads

  20. More problems for the Qing • Late 1800s, foreigners continue their encroachment into China (U.S.A., Russia, Britain, France) • Warlords control local regions – make deals with foreigners • China went to war with Japan over Korea and were defeated

  21. Boxer Rebellion • Angry with foreign control of China • Slogan: Destroy the foreigners • Roamed countryside slaughtering anyone foreign • Foreign powers intervene again, crush the rebellion in 1900 • Qing gov’t even weaker now

  22. Qing collapses • 1909- make reforms but too little, too late • 1911 – uprising in China that Qing were too weak to stop • Military rule established, followed by civil war

  23. Rise of Modern Japan

  24. Japanese Tokugawa Rule • Successfully prevented Euro. Powers from trading till 1853 • Foreigners shipwrecked in Japan were treated like animals; locked in cages and put on display

  25. This one) Matthew Perry (Not this one)

  26. M. Perry (American) • In 1853, he went with 4 military ships to protest the treatment of foreigners and demand trade • Months later he came back, and this time fired on the Japanese  opens trade, treats shipwrecked sailors better

  27. Resisters to Western Influence • Samurai…especially strong in 2 territories in the south • persuaded shogun to end relations with the West • Small confrontations took place • Western military strength convinced the shogun they needed to strengthen themselves

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