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AVIATION WEATHER SERVICES, SECTIONS 1,2,3

AVIATION WEATHER SERVICES, SECTIONS 1,2,3. HOMEWORK. Read sections 1, 2 & 3 out of the Aviation Weather Services AC 00-45 G Get a TIBS briefing Get a standard VFR weather briefing for a flight from MWH to ELN (does not need to be turned it)

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AVIATION WEATHER SERVICES, SECTIONS 1,2,3

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  1. AVIATION WEATHER SERVICES, SECTIONS 1,2,3

  2. HOMEWORK • Read sections 1, 2 & 3 out of the Aviation Weather Services AC 00-45G • Get a TIBS briefing • Get a standard VFR weather briefing for a flight from MWH to ELN (does not need to be turned it) • Turn in on Tuesday the A Pilot’s Guide to Flight Service (AOPA interactive course)

  3. AC 00-45G ONLINE LINKS • Book can be found in the bookstore or online off the www.faa.gov website in the AC directory. • http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/6a07efaa9a68c1a8862576c70052e9e5/$FILE/AC-0045G.pdf • http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/MainFrame?OpenFrameSet

  4. SECTION 1 AVIATION WX SERVICE PROGRAM • 3 sources for aviation weather • 1. National Wx Service NWS • 2. Department of Defense DOD • 3. Federal Aviation Administration FAA

  5. NOAA • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA • Conducts research and gathers data about the global oceans, atmosphere, space, and sun, and applies this knowledge to science and service which touch the lives of all Americans • Among the 6 major divisions are the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) and the NWS

  6. National Wx Service NWS • Collects and analyzes meteorological and hydrological data and prepares forecasts on a national, hemispheric, and global scale. • Provides weather data, forecasts and warnings

  7. National Wx Service NWS • NWS has nine separate national centers under the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) each with its own mission. • NCEP is where virtually all global meteorological data is collected and analyzed

  8. National Wx Service NWS • NWS nine missions are: • Climate Prediction Center, Space Environment Center, Marine Prediction Center, Hydrometeorlogical Prediction center, Enviromental Modeling Center, NCEP Center Operations, Strom Prediction Center, Aviation Weather Center, and the Tropical Prediction Center

  9. AVIATION WEATHER CENTER (AWC) • Located in Kansas City • Issues warnings, forecasts, and analyses of hazardous weather for aviation interests. • Identifies existing or imminent weather hazards to aircraft in flight and creates warnings for transmission to the aviation community. • Forecasts of wx expected during the next 2 days that will affect domestic and international aviation interests.

  10. AVIATION WEATHER CENTER (AWC) • Produce (FA’s) Area forecasts, in-flight weather advisories (AIRMET) Airman’s Meteorological Information, Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMETs) for the contiguous 48 states, Significant Weather Prog Charts (low, middle, and high), Collaborative Convective Forecast Product, National Convective Weather Forecast, Current Icing Product, and Forecast Icing Potential.

  11. WEATHER FORECAST OFFICE (WFO) NWS • Issues various public and aviation forecast and weather warnings. • Issue (TAFs) Terminal Aviation Forecasts and (TWEBs) Transcribed weather broadcasts. Some issue Airport Weather Warnings, and Soaring Forecasts • In Guam and Hawaii also issue FA’s AIRMETS AND SIGMETS and route forecasts.

  12. WEATHER FORECAST OFFICE (WFO) • In Alaska the Alaskan Weather Unit (AAWU) issues its own international SIGMET and domestic FAs and AIRMETs

  13. FAA • In control of the (FSSs) Flight Service Stations • Trying to modernize all to an Automated FSS with about one per state. Are referred to as “hub” facilities. • Provide more aviation weather service than any other government outlet.

  14. FSS • Provide preflight and in-flight briefings, transcribed weather briefings, scheduled and unscheduled weather broadcasts, and furnishes weather support to flight in its areas

  15. Constantly changing adding and removing products • TWEB REMOVED ON AC 00-45G • http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/byz/local_news/2007/tweb.php TWEB (route forecast) • Provides continuous aeronautical and meteorological information on low/medium frequency (L/MF) and very high frequency (VHF) omni-directional radio range (VOR) facilities. • Can also be an NDB

  16. TRANSCRIBED WEATHER BROADCAST (TWEB) • OUTDATED NO LONGER PROVIDE • Content = 11 items • Introduction., Synopsis., Adverse Conditions., TWEB Route Forecast., Winds Aloft for levels 3,000-12,000., Radar Report., METARs., Density Altitude, PIREPs, Alert Notices, Closing Statement. (T in Nav Box on Sectional) • Pilots’ automatic telephone weather answering system (PATWAS) also recently removed

  17. SAFETY/Briefings • The pilot is responsible for ensuring he/she has all the information needed to make a safe flight. • How can you do this? • www.duat.com , www.duats.com or 1-800-wx brief

  18. GETTING A BRIEFING • To provide an appropriate weather briefing, specialists need to know which of the three types of briefings is needed – a standard, abbreviated or outlook. Other helpful information is whether the flight will be conducted VFR or IFR, aircraft identification and type, departure points, estimated time of departure, flight altitude, route of flight, destination, and estimated time en route.

  19. BRIEFINGS • #1 VFR or IFR / Standard, Abbreviated, or Outlook briefing • #2 Aircraft number or pilot’s last name • #3. Aircraft type • #4. Departure point • #5. Route of flight • #6. Destination • #7 Flight altitudes • #8 ETD and ETE

  20. Standard briefing includes everything Abbreviated briefing - used to supplement information you already have Outlook briefing - when the briefing is 6 hours or more in advance of proposed departure Types of weather briefings

  21. WX BRIEFING • 3 types: Standard, Abbreviated, Outlook • 1. Standard • When the full wx picture is desired • What you get and what order: • Adverse conditions • VFR flight not recommended • Weather synopsis • Current Wx

  22. WX BRIEFING • En Route Forecast • Destination Forecast • Forecast winds temp aloft • NOTAMs • ATC delays • Other info Request for PIREPS EFAS

  23. WX BRIEFING • 2. Abbreviated • User must request • Questions about reports and so forth • Designed to supplement an earlier briefing • Request specific info

  24. WX BRIEFING • 3. Outlook • Provided when departure is 6 hours or more in the future • Very general

  25. DUATS • http://www.duats.com/ • http://www.duat.com/ • You all should have a code!!!

  26. TELEPHONE INFORMATION BRIEFING SERVICE (TIBS) • Is provided by AFSSs and provides continuous telephone recordings of meteorological and/or aeronautical information. TIBS shall contain area and or route briefings, airspace procedures, and special announcements, if applicable • Should also contain METARs, TAFs and winds aloft (normally a feature with 1-800 wx brief (say TIBS instead of briefer) • CAN ALSO CALL 1-877-4TIBS-WX (1-877-484-2799) • Eastern WA press 12 • Events WA 19 • AFD PAGE 235

  27. TELEPHONE INFORMATION BRIEFING SERVICE (TIBS) • Provides at least 4 route and/ or area briefings. Should also encompass a 50 NM radius. • Provided 24 hours a day. • Recordings are updated as conditions change. Or when ever the material is updated. • DOES NOT CONSTITUDE A BRIEFING

  28. TIBS • Include = 13 items • Introduction, Adverse conditions, VFR not recommended, Synopsis, Current conditions, Density Altitude, En route forecast, winds aloft, request for PIREPs, NOTAM info, Military Training activity, Alert Announcement, closing statement • Airport Facility Directory lists TIBS telephone numbers for AFSS briefings. A touch tone phone is necessary to access. All usually now can be access with 1-800 wx brief • 1-877-4TIBS-WX (1-877-484-2799)

  29. HIWAS • Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) • continuous broadcast of inflight weather advisories such as SIGMETs, AIRMETs, and urgent PIREPs • broadcast over a defined area within 150 NM of HIWAS outlets. 24 hours a day • An announcement will be made if there are no hazardous weather advisories.

  30. HIWAS • The broadcast includes - • A statement of introduction including the appropriate areas and recording time • A summary of inflight weather advisories • A request for PIREPs • A recommendation to contact AFSS/FSS/FLIGHT WATCH for additional details concerning the hazardous weather.

  31. HIWAS • Once a HIWAS broadcast is updated, an announcement will be made once on all communication/NAVAID frequencies except emergency, and EN Route Flight Advisory Service. • Look on your sectional NAVAIDs

  32. EFAS • En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) - also known as flight watch. • Common frequency 122.0 mHz below flight level FL180 and on assigned discrete frequencies to aircraft at FL180 and above. • Purpose is to provide en route aircraft with timely and pertinent weather data tailored to a specific altitude and route using the most current available sources of aviation wx info.

  33. DELAYS • WEATHER IS THE MOST COMMON REASON FOR AIR TRAFFIC DELAYS AND RE-ROUTINGS. • En route controls shall advise pilots of hazardous weather that may impact operations within 150 NM of the controller’s assigned sector or area of jurisdiction.

  34. Aviation Weather Reports and Forecasts • Already in flight HIWAS (hazardous inflight weather advisory service, over VOR’s Airmets/Sigmets) • EFAS (enroute flight advisory service, or flight watch, 122.0 mHz)enroute weather PIREPS • Radio, Television, Internet, ATIS, Tower, DUATS etc..

  35. WX from ATC • Everything is Magnetic. • Time in Zulu

  36. OBSERVATIONS • Surface observations - existing conditions, when recorded and transmitted the observation becomes a report, and the reports are the basis of all weather analyses, forecasts, advisories, and briefings.

  37. OBSERVATIONS • Observations include: • METARs, FDs, PIREPs, SDs, Low Level Wind Shear Alert Systems, Satellite Imagery

  38. OBSERVATIONS • Upper air observations • radiosonde balloons, PIREPS • temp, humidity, pressure, wind • PIREPS are the only way to get info on icing, cloud layers, turbulence, flight visibility

  39. OBSERVATIONS • Radar observations • ARTCC and NWS NEXRAD • TDWR terminal display wx radar (wind shear, gusts, heavy precip) • RRWDS radar remote wx display system (being replaced by Doppler)

  40. OBSERVATIONS • Low Level Wind Shear Alert System • real time computerized system • compares wind sensors around outside to one in the middle • warning issued on ATIS or upon initial call up

  41. OBSERVATIONS • Satellite observations • visible and infrared • near real time info to NWS and FAA

  42. SECTION 2 • Classification of weather products • Primary (sections 3-8) is an aviation product that meets all the regulatory requirements and safety needs for the use in making weather-related flight decisions • Supplementary Weather Products (Section 9) may be used to enhance situational awareness. • Enhanced Weather Information System (page 2-3)

  43. METAR= Meteorological Aviation Routine weather report In 1996 US converted to the ICAO and the World Meterological Organization form of aviation weather reporting. Each country is allowed to make modifications to the code to use in that particular country In the U.S. visibility is in statute miles, runway visual range in feet, wind speed in knots, and altimeter setting in inches of mercury METAR SECTION 3

  44. Elements of a METAR 1. Type of Report 2. ICAO station identifier 3. Date and time of report 4. Modifier (as required) 5. Wind 6. Visibility 7. RVR 8. Weather 9. Sky conditions 10. Temp/DPT 11. Altimeter 12. Remarks METAR

  45. METAR FORMAT

  46. METAR FORMAT

  47. Type of Report • Either METAR or SPECI • METAR=Aviation Routine Weather Report • SPECI=Selected Special Weather Report • METAR’s are issued normally 5-10minutes before the hour every hour • METAR’s are reports (a moment of time) not a forecast

  48. SPECI

  49. STATION IDENTIFIER • ICAO codes 4 letters

  50. IDENTS YOU SHOULD KNOW • KMWH = MOSES LAKE GRANT COUNTY INT’L • KEPH = EPHRATA • KEAT = WENATCHEE PANGBORN MEMORIAL • KELN = ELLENSBURG BOWERS FIELD • KYKM = YAKIMA • KPSC = PASCO • KGEG = SPOKANE INT’L • KOMK = OMAK • KALW = WALA WALA • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_by_ICAO_code:_A • http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/LID/LIDHME.htm

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