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Agenda 4/7

Agenda 4/7. 1. Review 2. Notes 3. Art activity: Democracy vs. Communism 6 th period: 65. The Cold War. U.S. vs. USSR 45 years long Roots: Different ideologies: democracy (U.S.) vs. communism (USSR) Stalin creating a dictatorship

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Agenda 4/7

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  1. Agenda 4/7 • 1. Review • 2. Notes • 3. Art activity: Democracy vs. Communism 6th period: 65

  2. The Cold War • U.S. vs. USSR • 45 years long • Roots: • Different ideologies: democracy (U.S.) vs. communism (USSR) • Stalin creating a dictatorship • Yalta meeting (before WWII ended)– postwar plans (UN created, free elections in Europe)

  3. The Cold War Begins • Potsdam Conference • Truman & Stalin • 6 mths after Yalta– Stalin hasn’t kept word • Soviets still occupying Eastern Europe (satellite nations) • Europe was divided by an iron curtain

  4. Containment • containment= keep Communism from spreading • US policy during Cold War • Truman Doctrine- US promised to support any country fighting communism • Ex: Greece & Turkey • Marshall Plan- economic aid to rebuild Europe

  5. Berlin Airlift • 1948– French, British, Americans merge their German zones • Soviet response: blockade Berlin • Allies used massive airlift to feed/supply Berlin for a year (until Stalin lifted the blockade)

  6. New Alliances • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) formed by the U.S., Canada, and 10 Western European countries in 1949 • Collective security (mutual defense agreement) • Soviet response: formed Warsaw Pact with satellite nations

  7. Chinese Civil War • Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek) vs. Communists (Mao Zedong) • U.S. supports Nationalists • China becomes communist in 1949 after Chinese Civil War • Containment failed! ***

  8. The Korean War (1950-1953) • After WWII: • North Korea– communist gov. • South Korea– non-communist gov. • 1950- NK invaded SK to unite as one country • Truman convinces UN to send troops to support South Korea • Led by Douglas MacArthur • MacArthur was fired after Truman wouldn’t support his desire to attack/liberate China

  9. The Korean War (1950-1953) • 1952– Dwight Eisenhower elected President • 1953: armistice (ceasefire) reached to end war • Est. a “demilitarized zone” between North and South Korea

  10. The Arms Race and the Space Race • Arms Race • Competition between US & USSR to develop biggest, baddest bomb • Nuclear weapons= deterrents (if the Soviets mess with us, we will annihilate them…literally) • Space Race • Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957 • US launches new programs in science & education to compete w/Soviets

  11. The Cold War at Home • Loyalty Review Boards • Est. by Truman to investigate “un-American” activities • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • Created by Congress • Blacklisted Communist sympathizers

  12. The Cold War at Home • The Rosenberg Trials • Julius & Ethel Rosenberg convicted/executed for spying and leaking A-bomb secrets to USSR • Despite public doubt, their guilt was confirmed by the Venona Papers (1997) • The McCarthy Hearings • Joseph McCarthy- Senator who accused many people of being Communist • Caused mass hysteria… but he couldn’t produce a single Commie • “McCarthyism”= making harsh accusations w/o evidence

  13. The Eisenhower Presidency, 1953-1960 • Foreign Policy under Ike • Eisenhower Doctrine= containment in the Middle East • Ike’s Sec. of State was John Foster Dulles • Domestic Policy under Ike • Baby boom after WWII more housing needed • G.I. Bill (Servicemen’s Readjustment Act) helped soldiers buy homes & go to school • Economic prosperity • Highway construction

  14. Art Activity

  15. Agenda 4/8 • 1. review • 2. notes (!!!!!    !!!!! YAYYYYYY  ): Civil Rights movement • 3. activity: MLK Jr. vs. Malcolm X speech comparison hi

  16. 1950’s • Postwar boom– economic prosperity • Interstate highway construction • Americans move to suburbs

  17. Advances in Medicine • Jonas Salk developed polio vaccine in 1953

  18. The Civil Rights Movement • The Truman Years (1945-1953) • Jackie Robinson– 1st African American in MLB • 1948: Truman desegregated military & ended discriminatory hiring practices in fed. gov.

  19. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) • Background: • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)– “separate but equal” is constitutional • Sweatt v. Painter (1950)– NAACP wins case for African American to attend UT Law School • The case: • Thurgood Marshall argued for the NAACP (& Brown) • Chief Justice Earl Warren • Unanimously overturned Plessy decision… desegregation must happen “with all deliberate speed”

  20. The Road to Equality • After Brown, “Jim Crow” laws were still in place in the South • Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956) • Spark: Rosa Parks • Boycott led by Dr. MLK Jr. • Civil Rights Act of 1957 • est. Civil Rights Commission

  21. The Road to Equality • Little Rock, AR (1957) • Gov. Faubus delayed segregation, ordered Arkansas National Guard to prevent 9 black students (“Little Rock Nine”) from integrating Little Rock HS • Pres. Eisenhower ordered federal troops to escort the 9 students to school

  22. The Road to Equality • Lester Maddox– restaurant owner-turned-Georgia governor • Sold his restaurant rather than admitting blacks when ordered by the courts • George Wallace (Alabama gov.) stood at the door to the Univ. of Alabama to prevent two black students from enrolling

  23. The Road to Equality • Southern Democrats in Congress worked together to prevent federal civil rights legislation • Sit-ins & Freedom Rides • Lunch counter sit-ins • Freedom Rides– interracial groups rode buses in the South

  24. The Road to Equality • Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. • Non-violence and civil disobedience • MLK’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail • African Americans can’t wait patiently for their rights any longer • March on Washington, 1963 • … for jobs & freedom • “I Have A Dream” speech

  25. The Road to Equality • Lyndon B. Johnson becomes Pres. after JFK assassination • Civil Rights Act of 1964= all businesses involved in interstate commerce could no longer discriminate • Est. Equal Employment Opp. Commission • Voting Rights Act of 1965= made obstacles to prevent black voting in the South illegal

  26. The Road to Equality • Affirmative action= requiring companies/institutions to actively recruit minorities • Upheld by Regents v. Bakke • Billy Graham • Christian preacher, spiritual advisor to presidents • Prominent civil rights supporter

  27. MLK Jr. vs. Malcolm X Speech Activity • For each speech: • What is the overall message? • Which line is most powerful to you?

  28. Agenda 4/9 • 1. speech activity (yesterday)– report out • 2. review • 3. Test      !!!!! yayyyyyyy

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