The 2 Treaties of Fort Laramie

1. The 2 Treaties of Fort Laramie • Alec Escobar • Alex Zeh • David-Evan Dixon

2. People Involved in the Treaties of Fort Laramie • Thomas Fitzpatrick- First Indian Agent to the tribes of the upper Platte and Arkansas. Called for the tribes to make the first treaty • The Sioux Indians- The Sioux were involved in both treaties because they fought the war and signed both treaties

3. People Involved Cont… • General George Custer- Led Americans onto reservations to search for gold. Later, he was defeated in the Battle of Little Big Horn. • Sitting Bull- He was a chief of the Sioux. He led the Sioux in battles against the Americans following the breaking of the First Treaty. He defeated General Custer in the Battle of Little Big Horn. • Makhpyia-luta (Red Cloud)- Red Cloud led the Lakota in a war with the U.S. after the First Treaty of Fort Laramie was broken

4. Cause of First Treaty of Fort Laramie • Many settlers were passing through Native American land in and around South Dakota and Nebraska • The U.S. wanted to put the Native Americans out of the way of settlers

5. The First Treaty of Fort Laramie • This treaty was signed at Fort Laramie on September 17, 1851 • The First Treaty of Fort Laramie bought back some Native American Land and set boundaries for tribal lands. • Many Native Americans only signed because they thought that it was their only choice because buffalo populations had been decimated

6. The Effects of the First Treaty of Fort Laramie • After the treaty was signed, Americans still passed through the Native American reservations • This caused the relationships between the U.S. and the Native Americans to become poor • These events caused Native Americans to attack white settlers.

7. The Effects of The First Treaty Cont... • The treaty was eventually broken when the U.S. couldn’t stop settlers from going in the Native American land • The battles turned into a war between some tribes and the U.S.

8. Cause of the Second Treaty of Fort Laramie • Result of a war waged against the U.S. by the Lakota • The Lakota were successfully led by Makhpyia-luta (Red Cloud) • The War was fought in Wyoming and Montana from 1866 to 1868 to control the Powder River Country

9. The Second Treaty of Fort Laramie • Signed in 1868 •  The second of the two treaties • Signed by Natives of the Great Plains and the U.S. government • Terms of the treaty: • Guaranteed the ownership of the Black Hills to the Lakota • Remove military forts on the established Lakota land • Establishment of the Great Sioux Reservation, 26-million acre reserve • Treaty closed Powder River Country to military and settlements by whites

10. Effect of the Second Treaty • The treaty made the Lakota not permit white gold-seekers after gold was discovered in the Black Hills • Ulysses S. Grant tried to buy land from the Lakota given by the treaty, but they refused • This led to a military campaign against the Lakota by the U.S. • This led to battles, including the Battle of Little Big Horn • It also led to the Massacre at Wounded Knee, where 150 Lakota were killed while surrendering