ASIA

1. ASIA INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, CHINA, JAPAN, KOREAS, SOUTHEAST ASIA, CENTRAL ASIA

2. INDIAN SUBCONTINENT South Asia

3. vocabulary • delta • Indus River • Ganges River • Monsoons • Himalayas • Mt. Everest • Hindu Kush Mountains • subcontinent • Climate Zone • Latitude Zone

4. MAP IDENTIFICATION • Countries • India • Pakistan • Nepal • Bhutan • Bangladesh • Sri Lanka • Bodies of Water • Indian Ocean • Bay of Bengal • Arabian Sea • Ganges River • Indus River • Other • Hindu Kush Mountains • Himalayas • Mt. Everest • Ghats (Eastern & Western)

5. THE BIG IDEA • THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE INDIAN SUBCTONTINENT FEATURES UNIQUE PHYSICAL FEATURES AND A VARIETY OF CLIMATES AND RESOURCES • Towering mountains, large rivers, broad plains are key physical features of the area • The area has a great variety of climate regions and resources

6. WHAT IS A SUBCONTINENT? • SUBCONTINENT: Large landmass that is smaller than a continent • Indian Subcontinent also called South Asia • Made up of 7 countries • Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

7. Mountains • Mountains separate subcontinent from the rest of Asia • Hindu Kush Mountains, located in the Northwest • separate the region from Central Asia • Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats • Smaller mountain range • Separate east coast and west coast from India’s interior • Himalayas • Located along the northern border of subcontinent • Home to the world’s highest mountains • Mount Everest, located between China and Nepal • K2, in northern Pakistan, world’s second highest peak

8. Rivers • In the Himalayas, lay the sources of two major river systems (Gandes/Indus) • Both carry massive amounts of water from mountains’ melting snow and glaciers • Flood surrounding land, leaving rich soil and fertile plains • Ganges, flows across Northern India Bangladesh • Creates a huge delta at its’ mouth • Delta: landform at the mouth of a river created by sediment deposits • Ganges Plain, rich soil, fertile farmland that is found along the length of the Ganges • Known as India’s farming heartland • Indus, located in Pakistan • Fertile plan known as Indus River Valley

9. Other features • Other geographic features scattered throughout the Subcontinent • Deccan, large, hilly plateau, located south of the Ganges Plain • Thar (Great Indian Desert), rolling sand dunes • Receive as little as 4 inches of rain per year • Tarai, located in southern Nepal, fertile farmland and tropical jungles

10. Climate regions • Climates of subcontinent differ widely • Cool temps in Nepal and Bhutan • Area south of the Himalayas have a humid subtropical climate • Hot, humid summers with plenty of rainfall are necessary for farming • Tropical climates dominate subcontinent • Tropical Savanna in Central India & Sri Lanka • Warm temps all year • Area experiences wet and dry seasons throughout the year • Southwest India has humid tropical climate, warm temps • Southern and Western India and most of Pakistan, have a dry climate (desert)

11. MOnsoons • Monsoon, seasonal winds that bring ether moist or dry air to an area • Lasts form June-October • Summer monsoons bring moist air up from Indian Ocean • Causes heavy rains, often causing flooding • In winter, monsoons change directions, bring dry air from the north • Causing little rain to fall between November and January

12. Natural resources • Fertile Soil, is the region’s most important resource • Tea, rice, nuts, jute (plant used for making rope) • Timber • Livestock • Mineral Resources • Iron ore, coal, natural gas, gemstones

13. History and culture of india

14. WHAT’S THE BIG IDEA??? • You will gain an understanding of the ancient civilizations and powerful empires that have shaped the history and culture of India • Early history of India was shaped by advanced civilizations and powerful empires • Powerful empires controlled India for hundreds of years • Great Britain gained control of India, later granting them independence, which led India into dividing into two separate countries….which both still exists today • Religion and the caste system play an important part of Indian culture

15. Hinduism • One of the world’s oldest religions • Dominant religion of India • Believe that everything in the universe is part of a single spirit called Brahman • Their goal is to reunite their souls with that spirit • Teaches that souls are reincarnated, reborn many times before they join with Brahman

16. buddhism • Religious based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama….Also Known As, The Buddha • Buddha’s teachings state that people can rise above their desire for material goods and reach nirvana • Nirvana, state of perfect peace in which suffering and reincarnation end What would be your own personal nirvana?

17. Caste system • Aryans organized Indian society into a social class system • Caste system, divided Indian society into groups based on a person’s birth or occupation • Consist of 4 main classes, or castes • Originally based on occupation • Below the 4 castes are the dalits, India’s lowest class • Socializing between the different castes were not allowed, not allowed to eat together

18. Ancient civilizations • First civilization in the region was centered around Indus River Valley (present day Pakistan) • Called the Harappan • 2300 to 1700 B.C. • Not sure what caused the civilizations decline, possibly invaders or natural disasters • Aryans, rose to power after decline of the Harappan civilization • 1500 BC • Arrived from Central Asia • Powerful warriors • Their language was known as Sanskrit, it would serve as the foundation for many languages that will come about • Conquered and settled area along Indus and Ganges Rivers • Helped to shape the languages, religion, and caste system

19. Empires • With time, powerful kingdoms began to emerge • Mauryan Empire, 320 BC • Raised huge armies • Conquered almost entire subcontinent • Asoka, one of the greatest emperors • helped expand the empire and improve trade • Encouraged acceptance of other religions • Empire weakened after his death • Gupta Empire, AD 300 • Trade and culture grew and thrived • Scholars made important advances in math, medicine, astronomy • Empire weakened by attacks from Asia

20. empires • 2 most powerful empires in India were the Mughal Empire and the British Empire • Mughal Empire, established in 1526 • Established by Muslim invaders • Led by the great warrior Babur • Akbar, Babur’s grandson • Policy of religious toleration, encouraged peace • Mughals were Muslim, but most Indians continued to practice Hinduism • trade flourished during his rule • Increase in the demand for Indian goods (spices, tea) • Empire becoming rich • Architecture also expanded and grew during the Mughal Empire • TajMahal was built • One of India’s most spectacular buildings,

21. empires Europeans trying to control parts of India beginning in 1500s • British Empire • During 1600s, the European demand for Indian goods increased • Especially cotton and sugar • East India Company was a British trading company, Mughals granted them trading rights • Began by running small trading posts • Gradually began to expand it territory and power • Used the British Army (which included Indian troops) to maintain trading power in India • By mid1800s, company controlled more than half of the subcontinent • India had become a British colony • Colony, territory inhabited and controlled by people from a foreign land • British rule angered and frightened many Indians • 1857, Indian troops revolted • Violence erupts throughout India • British government crushed rebellion, took control of India away from East India Company • British government began to rule India directly

22. independence • Late 1800s, Indians begin questioning British rule • Indians were “second class citizens”, this upset them • Reacted by creating Indian National Congress • Goal was to gain more rights and opportunities • Indians becoming more upset with British rule, more of them begin demanding independence • Muhandas Gandhi, most important leader of Indian independence movement • Strategy of nonviolent protests • He convinced millions to support independence • Great Britain agreed to make India independent

23. Partition • After gaining independence, tension rising between Hindu and Muslim communities • Both groups feared they would have little say in the new government • India’s Muslims called for a separate nation • British government agreed in hopes of avoiding a civil war • partition, division of India took place in 1947 • 2 independent countries were formed • India, was mostly Hindu • Pakistan, was mostly Muslim • 10 million members of both groups rushed to the border to live in the country where their religion held a majority • Soon after India and Pakistan gained independence, other countries in the region began gaining their independence

24. India today

25. What’s the big idea????? • Today India features a blend of modern and traditional culture • Today India has a rapidly growing population, and a developing economy • India faces many challenges, including a growing population and economic development

26. Large population • 1.2 billion people live in India today • Made up of: • Many different ethnic groups • Many different religions • Many different lifestyles In the United States: Population: 309 million Population Density: 87.3 Life Expectancy: 78.1 years

27. Living in the cities • Millions live in large, busy cities • 3 largest cities • Mumbai (Bombay) • Delhi • Kolkata (Calcutta) • These are among the world’s most populous cities • Many work in factories and offices • Cities are home to universities, research centers, high-tech businesses • People who live in the cities might struggle to earn a living • Might live in shacks made of scraps of wood or metal • Often have no plumbing or clean water

28. Delhi

29. Living in the villages • Villages are located in the rural areas • Villages are home to more than 70% of India’s population • Most villagers work as farmers and live with extended families • Recently paved roads and electricity have began to reach many Indian villages

30. Village life

31. Let’s take a look….. • I want you to take a few minutes to go onto Google Earth/Google Maps and look at some of the cities of India and then look up Indian villages. • How do the two compare? • What do you see in the pictures of one compared to the pictures of the other. • BE READY TO PUT INTO A PARAGRAPH OR A VENN DIAGRAM WHAT YOU ARE SEEING IN THE PICTURES……

32. RELIGION • In cities and villages, religion plays a key role in Indian daily life • Most Indians practice Hinduism • Other religions that are followed include Islam, Buddhism, and other traditional religions • Sikhism, Jainism • Religious celebrations are important part of Indian life • Diwali, the festival of lights • Celebrates Hindu, Sikh, and Jain beliefs

33. Hinduism and buddhism figures Hinduism…One of the many hindu gods Buddhism……The Buddha

34. Challenges • India has gone through drastic changes since gaining independence • Today the country is facing many challenges • Two biggest challenges include • A very large growing population • Economic development

35. population • India is the world’s second most populous country • (Only China has a larger population) • Population has doubled since 1947 • Huge population growth places a strain on India’s environment and its resources • Food, housing, schools • Growing population impacting life in the cities • Urbanization has taken place • Urbanization: increase in the number of people who live in cities • Millions have moved to cities in search of jobs

36. Government and economy • Since India gained independence, leaders have strengthened government and economy • Today India is world’s largest democracy • One of the strongest nations in Asia • Largest challenge for government is providing for the growing population and resolving conflicts with its’ neighbor, Pakistan • (India and Pakistan both have nuclear weapons…..YIKES!) • India is one of the world’s top 5 industrial countries • Yet million of Indians live in poverty • Government has taken steps to reduce poverty

37. Green revolution • Took place in 1960s and 1970s • Program that encouraged farmers to adopt modern agricultural methods • Helped farmers to produce more food

38. bollywood • One of India’s largest industries is its moviemaking industry • Film industry is located in Mumbai (Bombay) • Referred to as “Bollywood” • Combination of the words Bombay and Hollywood • More films produced in Bollywood than anywhere else in the world • Indian produces 2x the number of films produced in the U.S. How might the film industry affect India’s economy? On your chromebooks, I want you to spend a couple of minutes looking up Bollywood films or information on Bollywood films. Be prepared to share your findings with the class.