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Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings & Floors

Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings & Floors. ‘Interior’ Ceiling @ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas). Functions of Finish Ceilings. Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape Control diffusion of: light sound Conceal MPE Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler… May assist with

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Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings & Floors

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  1. Chapter 24Finish Ceilings & Floors ‘Interior’ Ceiling @ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas)

  2. Functions of Finish Ceilings • Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape • Control diffusion of: • light • sound • Conceal MPE • Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler… • May assist with • fire resistance • distribution / return of HVAC

  3. Types of Ceilings • Exposed Structural & MPE • Tightly Attached • Suspended • Interstitial

  4. Exposed • Exposed Structure & MPE • Industrial, warehouse, … • Economy & ease of maintenance • Timber, trusses, etc. • Often for appearance • Flat Plate, PC plank (HC) • Painted - hotels & apartments • Minimal MPE services in ceiling • Economy and reduces story height

  5. Exposed Structure Ceiling “Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling Textured Ceiling

  6. Exposed Timber & MPE Services @ a Ski Lodge

  7. Tightly Attached • Attached directly to joists or slabs • Special arrangements / accommodations for: • Structural members (beams, girders) • MPE systems

  8. Suspended Ceilings • Suspended from the Structure • Generally by wires • Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic) Structure Ceiling Plenum space Support Wires for ducts, pipes, conduit ... • Support System • Metal Framing • Furring Channels • “Metal Grid • Suspended Ceiling • Drywall • Plaster • Acoustic (incombustible fibers)

  9. Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)

  10. Acoustic “Lay-in Panels” • Exposed Metal Grid • 2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels • MPE “sized” to fit grid or • cut into the acoustic tile • Economical

  11. Acoustical Ceiling Grid Systems “Difficult” to access • Main Runners • Provide Main Ceiling Support • Generally 4’ o.c. • Attached to “Hangers” • Additional hangers may be • required to support MPE “loads” • Cross Tees • Intermediate Support • “Rest”/ attach to Mains • Spacing depends on tile • Wall Angle • Attaches to wall

  12. “Recessed” Grid (also can be Flush, …) Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication Multiple Tile Finishes Available Diffuser sized 2x2

  13. Common Support Grid Profile

  14. Suspended Ceiling used as a Fire Resistant Membrane Combination Light/Diffuser The Integrity of the Fire Resistant Rating Must be Maintained at the Ceiling Penetrations

  15. Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above

  16. Interstitial Ceilings • Common with elaborate MPE systems • Hospitals & laboratories • Purpose: • Accommodate extensive MPE systems • Provide access for maintenance & updating services

  17. Finish FlooringFunctions & Considerations • Functions: • Visual • Acoustics • Light • Wearing Surface • Considerations • Life / durability • Skid resistance • Sanitation • Noise • Fire (resistance, combustibility) • Other (conductivity,..)

  18. Under-floor Services • Distribution of electrical /communications • Methods • Conduit • Cellular Raceways • Cellular Decking • Raised Flooring

  19. Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab

  20. Reducing Noise Transmission • Use of a Soft material • Padded carpet • Cushioned resilient flooring • Resilient underlayment • Selection of surrounding material • Dense ceiling material below (plaster, drywall) • Mount ceiling on resilient clips or spring hangers

  21. Skid & Fire Resistance • Skid Resistance • Measure by its static coefficient of friction (SCOF) • Skid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping • Flame Resistance • Most flooring required to meet minimum criteria • Exit corridors typically have higher requirements

  22. Hard Flooring Materials • Resistant to: • Wear • Moisture • Noisy -conduct sound • Types • Concrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo

  23. Concrete Flooring • Advantages • Low initial cost • Durable • Common Uses • Parking decks • Warehouses • Industrial

  24. Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting

  25. Stone • Types • Marble • Granite • Slate • Sandstone, … • Installation • Setting Bed • Grouted joints

  26. Marble

  27. Granite

  28. Bricks & Brick Pavers • Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge) • Often with a setting bed Without Grouted Joints With Grouted Joints

  29. Paver Patterns

  30. Quarry Tile • Fired Clay tiles • Multiple shapes/sizes • Installation • Setting Bed (typical) • Thin Set • Grout Joints

  31. Ceramic Tile • Fired Clay • Often Glazed Finish • Floors & Walls • Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with backing sheets

  32. Laying Ceramic Tile Reinforced ‘Mesh’ Bridge Cracks in Floor

  33. Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel

  34. Spacers Being Installed

  35. Tile Placement

  36. Cutting Tile

  37. Small tile shipped with backing sheet

  38. Decorative Ceramic Tile

  39. Terrazzo • Ground/polished concrete • Typ. granite or marble chips w/ colored cement • Divider strips • At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction

  40. Brass Divider Strips

  41. Wood Flooring • Materials • white & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, …. • Types • Wood Strip Flooring - blind nailed • Square edge - fasteners visible (or filled) • Parquet • Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)

  42. Blind Nailed Strip Flooring

  43. Multiple Floor Finishes wood, tile, & carpet

  44. Resilient Flooring • Vinyl Composition • Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT) • Will show substrate irregularities • Multiple colors & patterns • Low cost, moderate durability • Installation - glued

  45. Carpet • Multiple styles, colors, … • Indoor and Outdoor • Installation • Glued directly to substrate, or • Pad & tackless strip

  46. Edge Strip Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo

  47. Sustainability in Floors and Ceilings • Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc.) • Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics • Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution • Recycling of interior materials in its infancy

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