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Drifting Toward Disunion 1854-1861

AP US History Unit 5. Drifting Toward Disunion 1854-1861. Sectionalism Growing. Antislavery movement gains ground in the north in the 1850’s with the publishing of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel on the cruelties of slavery, Uncle Tom’s Cabin .

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Drifting Toward Disunion 1854-1861

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  1. AP US History Unit 5 Drifting Toward Disunion1854-1861

  2. Sectionalism Growing • Antislavery movement gains ground in the north in the 1850’s with the publishing of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel on the cruelties of slavery, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. • Animosity for the north continued to grow in the hearts of the southerners. • What influenced Stowe’s writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852?

  3. 1854 • With Stephen Douglas’ Kansas-Nebraska Act, the race to populate the newly created Kansas and Nebraska territories had begun. • Thousands of abolitionist northerners and pro-slavery southerners flocked the area to stake their claim and cast their vote. • What is popular sovereignty?

  4. 1856: “Bleeding Kansas” • The time has come to organize the territorial legislature for the Kansas territory. • “Border Ruffians” from Missouri (pro-slavery) poured in to set up the state government. • Abolitionists also sent representatives to Kansas to set up a state government as well. • Where was the first major act of violence in the Kansas territory between anti-slavery north and pro-slavery south?

  5. “Bleeding Kansas” continued.. • John Brown; passionate abolitionist • Leads a group of men to Pottawatomie Creek in May of 1856 • Brutally kills 5 men in response to the attack in Lawrence. • Was John Brown justified in his retalliation attacks? Why or why not?

  6. Election of 1856 • Democrats: James Buchanan • Not influenced by Kansas violence • Had few enemies • Popular Sovereignty • Republicans: Capt. John C. Fremont • Against the expansion of slavery • Roman Catholic • American Party aka. Know-Nothing: Millard Fillmore • Anti-foreign, anti-catholic • Supporter of “natives” • What were the results of this election? Why did the northerners cast their votes for the Democrats rather than the anti-slavery Republicans?

  7. Splitting of the Democrats • 1857: Kansas is now ready to become a state • Lecompton Constitution • Even if Kansans voted down slavery with popular sovereignty, those who currently have slaves there would be protected and could keep them. • Loophole of popular sovereignty • Supported by President Buchanan • How did Stephen Douglas feel about the Lecompton Constitution? Why?

  8. Splitting of the Democrats continued… • Example of division: 1856 • Sen. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivers speech “The Crime Against Kansas” • Insults southern, pro-slavery states and their representatives; SC in particular (Preston Brooks) • May 22, 1856: Preston Brooks enters Sumner’s office and beats him ferociously with his caneuntil it breaks. Sumner in critical condition. • What did this attack demonstrate to the country?

  9. Dred Scott Decision • March 6, 1857 (Scott v. Sanford) • Scott, a black slave lived with master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin territory. • With the help of abolitionists, sues for his freedom. • Chief Justice Roger B Taney (from Md., owned slaves) hands down decision • What were four elements of Justice Taney’s decision in this case?

  10. Lincoln-Douglas Debates • 1858: Senate seat of Illinois • Republican: Abraham Lincoln • Democrat: Stephen Douglas • Lincoln challenges Douglas to a series of 7 debates throughout Illinois from August-October. • Most famous debate in Freeport, Ill. • What famous question did Lincoln ask Douglas in this debate?

  11. Freeport Doctrine • Douglas’ response further tore apart the Democratic party. • His answer became known as the “Freeport Doctrine” • What was the logic behind Douglas’ Freeport Doctrine?

  12. Results of Senate Race 1858 • Stephen Douglas wins the election for the seat in Senate • Abraham Lincoln had the moral victory though. • How was this a moral victory for Lincoln based on what you know about future events?

  13. Harpers Ferry: 1859 • John Brown devises a scheme to invade a federal arsenal in Virginia and arm hundreds of slaves with weapons and lead a revolt and establish a free state for African-Americans. • In the process he and his group kill 7 innocent people. • The slaves did not rally as Brown planned and they were captured by the Marine Corp under the leadership of Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee. • What was John Brown’s fate for his actions? • How did the north view his hanging? The South?

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