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Monday, 19 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System

Monday, 19 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System . Two 1QQs returned on Piano. Lab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study. Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology Pick up your photocopy from the Piano, read it before lab!.

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Monday, 19 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System

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  1. Monday, 19 SeptemberChapter 11 The Endocrine System Two 1QQs returned on Piano Lab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study.Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology Pick up your photocopy from the Piano, read it before lab! King DS, Sharp RL, Vukovich MD, Brown GA, Reifenrath TA, Uhl NL, Parsons KA . Effect of oral androstenedione on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 281(21):2020-8 Wednesday, 21 SeptemberChapter 6 The Nervous SystemRead sections A and B

  2. 1QQ # 6 for 8:30 Write the number of the one question you choose to answer. • TSH stimulates • The thyroid gland to take up iodide • the synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin • The uptake of thyroglobulin from the colloid • Follicular cells of the thyroid gland to grow • The hypothalamus to secrete more TRH. OR • In response to a drop in blood pressure • Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete less renin • Elevated levels of aldosterone stimulate thirst • Newly-formed angiotensin I causes vasoconstriction • Elevated levels of aldosterone promote Na+ retention by the kidneys • The liver produces more Angiotensin II.

  3. 1QQ # 6 for 9:30 Write the number of the one question you choose to answer. • TSH stimulates • The thyroid gland to take up iodide • the synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin • The uptake of thyroglobulin from the colloid • Its target cells to incorporate more Na+/K+ ATPase into their membranes • The hypothalamus to secrete more TRH. OR • In response to a drop in blood pressure • Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete less renin • Elevated levels of Angiotensinogen stimulates thirst • Newly-formed angiotensin I causes vasoconstriction • Elevated levels of aldosterone promote Na+ retention by the kidneys • The liver produces more Angiotensin II.

  4. S3 Fig. 11.12a Receives input from many regions of brain; many factors Affect its function Homeostatsis center.

  5. S4 Fig. 11.12b NeurohypophysisAdenohypophysis 6 Vasopressin (= Antidiuretic hormone)Oxytocin

  6. Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing Hormone Release-inhibiting Hormone S 6 A P P P P P Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system P P P P P P A S S

  7. Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone S 7 Short-loop Neg. Feed. Long-loop negative feedback

  8. Who Cares?

  9. TRH TSH T3 & T4 S 4 EndemicGoiter • Symptoms of hypothyroidism • Levels of TSH and TH? • Explain enlarged thyroid gland • Cause: Inadequate dietary intake of iodine • Treatment? Goiter Elevates basal metabolic rate,potentiates response to EPI If hypothyroid during pregnancy…cretinism = congenital hypothyroidism

  10. S 3 Classification of Endocrine disorders • Hypersecretion • Primary • Secondary • Hyposecretion • Primary • Secondary hypothalamus CRH ACTH Cortisol Anterior pituitary Adrenal Cortex

  11. Who else Cares?

  12. Aunt Dot S 5

  13. ⇩ ⇩ The cause: Abnormal Immunoglobulins in patient activate TSH receptors on Thyroid cells ⇧Metabolic rate ⇧sensitivity to EPI (up-regulation of adrenergic receptors) ⇧Temperature ⇧Heart rate and ⇧Blood Pressure Grave’s Disease S 6 Blood test:TSH levels low TH levels high TRH from Hypothal. TSH from Ant. Pit. T3 and T4 from Thyroid gland ⇧Lipolysis and fuel mobilization Weight loss

  14. Grave’s Disease S 7 Treatment: Radioactive Iodine Mechanism:……..

  15. STRESS Cytokines fromimmune cells CRH from Hypothalamus ACTH from Ant. Pit Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle) S 8 Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress Vasopressin Basal levels of Cortisol Required for normal sensitivity to EPI; symptoms of excess cortisol are….. Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome! ⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex Cushing’s Syndrome Excess Cortisol from 1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)

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