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Green Dorm Wastewater System. JBM Associates BinBin Jiang Megan Bela Michael Murray June 7, 2005. Living Laboratory Sustainable Living Pioneer Model for Future Change. Sustainable Buildings at Stanford Today. Leslie Shao-ming Sun Field Station: Rainwater catchment, waterless urinals.
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Green Dorm Wastewater System JBM Associates BinBin Jiang Megan Bela Michael Murray June 7, 2005
Living Laboratory Sustainable Living Pioneer Model for Future Change
Sustainable Buildings at Stanford Today Leslie Shao-ming Sun Field Station: Rainwater catchment, waterless urinals Vaden Health Center: No water savings • Escondido Village 5 & 6: • Low flow appliances • Efficient irrigation • Native plants • Minimize runoff
Water Goals: • 50% reduction of potable water use • 100% reduction of lake water use • 50% reduction of wastewater • discharge
Project Structure: Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Working Definitions Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
House Layout Urine Treatment Anaerobic MBR Equaris ZeeWeed MBR Lab Fertilizer Production Sewer Ex. water supply Compost Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Water Conserving Strategy • Water conserving washing machines • LG WM2677H • 40.9→12gal = 71% • Low flush toilets • Caroma Smartflush • 1.5→0.95gpf = 37% • Low flow showerheads • Niagara Prismeare • 2.11.5gpm = 28.5% Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Water Balance • Purpose: Viability of water reuse scheme • Source of data: AWWA water use survey/Stanford data • Method Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Water Balance- Assumptions Regulatory ambiguity concerning clothes washing water • Scenario 1 – All clothes washing water recycled • Scenario 2 – Clothes washing water sent to sewage 1 Recycled Water Clothes Washers Toilets Irrigation 2 Sewage Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Water Balance - Results Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Nutrient Balance • Purpose • Identify major nutrient sources • Optimize treatment for reduction in nutrient loading • Methodology • Scale per-capita production of BOD, COD, N, and P (from literature) Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Nutrient Balance - Results Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Nutrient Balance - Conclusions • Compost pile for kitchen scraps removes 35% of P • Divert up to 60% of N, 25% of P by separating urine • Liquid kitchen waste comparable to solid toilet waste as nutrient source Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Water Quality of Wastewater Stream • Purpose • Identify experimental uses • Optimize grey and black water treatment • Methodology • Combine water and nutrient balances Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Water Quality of Wastewater Stream - Results Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Water Quality of Wastewater Stream - Conclusions • Separated urine is highly concentrated source of N and P -> fertilizer • BOD levels comparable in liquid kitchen and solid toilet waste -> combine treatment • Concentrated laundry water diluted by showers Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Overview of Greywater System Urine Treatment Anaerobic MBR Anaerobic MBR Equaris ZeeWeed MBR Lab Lab Sewer Fertilizer Production Ex. water supply Ex. water supply Compost Compost Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Greywater Treatment: Equaris System Surge Tank Clarifying Tank Aeration Tank www.equaris.com Standard wastewater treatment with extended aeration Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Greywater Treatment: Equaris System • 950 lpd capacity per system • 68 lpd per capita • 55 people www.equaris.com NRDC- Santa Monica www.equaris.com 4 systems needed (3740 lpd total) Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Greywater Treatment: ZeeWeed Membrane Bioreactor www.zenonenv.ocm Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor by Zenon Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Greywater Treatment: Zeeweed Membrane Bioreactor www.zenonenv.ocm • 1470 lpd to 75,800 lpd • Able to treat greywater and blackwater City of San Diego Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Comparison of two systems Cost Water Quality Footprint Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Recommendation: Phase I: Installation of Equaris Phase II: Installation of ZeeWeed MBR In the future: Both systems can be expanded to include other row houses. Drinking water purification in the future possible Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Available grey water: 51 liters/day GW used by toilet flushing: 16.7 l/d GW used by washing machines : 17.3 l/d Amount of grey water left for irrigation: Greywater Irrigation: Clivus Multrum 17 l/d or 34 l/d Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
More cost-effective alternative: Water storage until summer and pump for irrigation Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Data logging and sampling • Monitor water quantity from each facility (GW and blackwater): flow, velocity • Monitor water quality: turbidity, pH, water level, TDS, etc • Water samples to lab for detecting pathogens Watersensors.com: YSI ADV6600 Water Quality and Quantity Sonde Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Overview of Blackwater System Liquid Kitchen Waste Anaerobic MBR Urine-Separating Toilets Sewer Storage, Treatment Fertilizer Production Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Urine Separation • Divert N and P from wastewater stream • N:P ratio of 6.7 optimal for agriculture • Utilized in ancient China and modern Europe • Green Dorm could fertilize 4.5 acres of tomatoes or 3.5 acres of corn annually Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Urine Separation: System Urine-separating toilet diverts 1.25 l/pd urine plus 0.75 l/pd flush Ekologen Fiberglass Storage Tank 15 m3 Empty 2x per year Onsite Treatment Tank 6 months at 20°C Diluted or As-Is Fertilizer Application Urine Stream (Non-Metal Piping) Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
The Future: Anaerobic MBR Potable Water Solid Toilet Waste Anaerobic MBR Electricty from Methane Sludge Composter (CO2) Experimental MBR at University of Bath, UK Initial Assumptions Water Balance Nutrient Balance Greywater System Blackwater System
Anticipated Performance Potable water savings: 45% Wastewater discharge reduction: 65–74% Reduction of N in wastewater effluent: 12-55% Pioneering new technology and processes Urine Treatment Anaerobic MBR Anaerobic MBR Equaris ZeeWeed MBR Lab Lab Fertilizer Production Sewer Ex. water supply Ex. water supply Compost Compost
