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Services and Settlements

Services and Settlements. AP Human Geography. What are services?. Fulfills a human want or need in return for $. Most people in MDC’s work in this sector. In U.S., growth in services, decline in agriculture and manufacturing. Tertiary sector of the economy Also includes:

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Services and Settlements

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  1. Services and Settlements AP Human Geography

  2. What are services? • Fulfills a human want or need in return for $. • Most people in MDC’s work in this sector. • In U.S., growth in services, decline in agriculture and manufacturing. • Tertiary sector of the economy • Also includes: • Quaternary sector (finance, legal services, computer services) • Quinary sector (research, government, high level mgmt) • Example • Potato is grown by a farmer (primary/ agri.) • Potato is cut into fries and bagged (secondary/ manufacturing) • Potato is fried and sold (tertiary/ service)

  3. Three Types of Services • Consumer (44% of all U.S. jobs) • Provide services to individuals who desire and can afford them. • Retail (sales), education (teachers), health (nurse/ docs), leisure/ hospitality (hotel, restos, bars) • Business (24%) • Help facilitate other businesses • Financial, professional, transportation, information • Public (17%) • Security and protection for citizens and businesses. • Government jobs

  4. 6

  5. % GDP from Services

  6. Settlements • A permanent collection of buildings where people work, reside, and obtain services. • Can be small villages (100 people) or large cities (20 million people). • Settlements form because services must be near their market. • Location, location, location. • Michigan Ave. (downtown) • Location matters…95th vs. 94th

  7. Location Matters

  8. Early Human Settlements Early Settlements Services in Early Settlements • Ur in Mesopotamia (3000 B.C., modern day Iraq) • Egypt, China, India • Ancient Athens (2500 B.C., Greece) • Ancient Rome (500 B.C., Italy) • Medieval Europe (1000’s, Europe) • Burial of dead • Ceremonial centers • Temples • Basic manufacturing

  9. Early Settlement Hearths

  10. `

  11. Clustered Rural Settlement • Families live close to each other. • Fields surround houses, barns, etc. • Clustered rural settlements in France

  12. Rural Settlement Patterns Circular (Germany) Long-lot (France) Long-lot (Quebec)

  13. Long Lots in Quebec

  14. Long Lots in Quebec

  15. Colonial America • Early settlers • Travelled in a group, settled in a group • Cultural bonds • Protection from Native Americans • Clustered Rural • Found in New England

  16. Dispersed Rural Settlement • Farmers live on individual farms • Isolated from neighbors • Dispersed rural settlements in the U.S.

  17. Enclosure Movement in England

  18. Shift from Rural to Urban Settlements • For the 1st time in 2008, more live in urban than rural settlements worldwide. • Growth of cities in known as urbanization. • Growth of # of people living in cities • Growth of % of people living in cities • In MDC’s, high % of people live in cities (75%) • Less primary, more secondary and tertiary. • In LDC’s, lower % of people living in cities (40%) • Many still involved in primary (50% vs. less than 5%)

  19. Big Cities • LDC’s have more large settlements/ big cities (8 out of 10) • Only Tokyo and NYC are MDC’s. • Note: Population may vary depending on measure.

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