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Understanding Phases of Matter and Their Properties

Explore the fundamental phases of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a definite shape and volume, while liquids can change shape but not volume. Gases are unique as they can change both shape and volume. Dive into the critical differences between physical and chemical properties, such as density, solubility, and mass. Discover signs of physical and chemical changes, including melting and rusting. Learn about the Law of Conservation of Mass, emphasizing that mass is never destroyed, only transformed.

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Understanding Phases of Matter and Their Properties

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  1. Phases of Matter • Solids are a phase of matter that have definite shape and volume • Liquids are a phase of matter that can change shape, but not change volume. • Gases are the only state of matter that can change shape and volume.

  2. Chemical Properties & Chemical Changes • Chemical properties affect chemical changes • Chemical properties: flammability (catch fire) • Chemical change: silver tarnishing (rust)

  3. Physical Properties of Matter • Density: how mass affects volume • Solubility: the ability of one material to dissolve in another • Volume: amount of space a material occupies • Mass: which is the amount of matter in an object

  4. Particle Structure • Solids have a tightly compact particle structure • Liquids have a fluid particle structure that is farther apart than solids. • Gases have the most space between the particles than all of the other phases • A temperature increase=bringing the particles farther apart • A temperature decrease=decreasing the space

  5. Signs of a Chemical Change • Adding of heat • Formation of precipitate • Formation of gas/oxidation bubbles

  6. Law of Conservation of Mass • This law states that mass can never be destroyed because it changes form.

  7. Signs of Physical Change • Melting • Boiling • Evaporating • Freezing

  8. Sugar dissolved in Water • Example of a physical change • Sugar (solid) , water (liquid) • Sugar is soluble in water • Sugar and water have similar physical properties that allow them to physically change when they are mixed together.

  9. Differences between Changes • Physical Change • Do not break atomic bonds • Ex: melting, freezing • Electron arrangement is the same and the substance have the SAME identity • Chemical Change • Do break atomic bonds (“glue”) • Ex: rust, burned • Electrons are rearranged to create a NEW substance

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