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Space Weather: From The Sun To The Earth

Space Weather: From The Sun To The Earth. Adapted from: Philip Erickson Atmospheric Sciences Group MIT Haystack Observatory REU Program Lecture June 5, 2012. The Sun : Our Dynamic Star. A Local Source of Space Weather. Driven by Nuclear Fusion. Variable on Many Time Scales.

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Space Weather: From The Sun To The Earth

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  1. Space Weather:From The Sun To The Earth • Adapted from: Philip Erickson • Atmospheric Sciences Group • MIT Haystack Observatory • REU Program Lecture • June 5, 2012

  2. The Sun : Our Dynamic Star A Local Source of Space Weather Driven by Nuclear Fusion Variable on Many Time Scales

  3. The Solar Cycle

  4. March 13, 2012 1814 UTC Sunspot AR1429

  5. Solar FlaresAt the Sun’s Surface Solar surface (TRACE satellite) Field lines are “painted” with plasma; Magnetohydrodynamic twisting causes severe distortions (and energy storage)

  6. Solar Temperatures Vary At Different Atmospheric Levels

  7. Solar Phenomena Flares Solar Wind Granulations Sunspots

  8. Dipole Magnetic Field The Magnetosphere The Earth's Magnetic Field Interacts with the Solar Wind The Solar Wind is Deflected Around the Earth The Earth's Magnetic Field is Distorted

  9. Plasma and Magnetic Fields Maxwell’s Laws: Charged particle must oscillate around magnetic fields (gyroresonance) Plasma: state of matter with negatively charged electrons, positively charged ions interacting by electromagnetic forces and collisions Universe is filled with plasma…

  10. Solar Flare Travel Time = 2 - 3.5 Days Magnetopause Solar Wind Direction Bow Shock The Space Weather Environment

  11. Sun – Earth System Overview

  12. Auroral Activity 28 November 2000 Nome, Alaska John Russell Aurora and Airglow From STS-100 Shuttle (NRL)

  13. Geomagnetic Storms Atmospheric Response

  14. Radiation Hazards Communications Failures Damage to Satellites GPS Navigation Problems Space Weather Effects Geomagnetic Storms Disrupt Technological Systems

  15. Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Firepond Optical Facility

  16. Millstone Hill Observatory • 150 foot steerable antenna • 220 foot zenith antenna

  17. Web-Accessible Space Weather Information

  18. www.haystack.mit.edu

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