Unit 1 Study Guide

1. Unit 1 Study Guide SS8G1a & SS8H1abc

2. Define the following words: • technology • Colonization • missions • Resistance • Accelerate • expedition • Conquistadores • Colony • Voyage • Mercantilism • Hemisphere • patriarchal • burial mounds • Matrilineal • archaeologists • Nomadic • Cultural • rituals • Chiefdoms

3. Definitions • Hemisphere - a half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by an imaginary line passing through the poles. • Patriarchal - society or government controlled by men. • burial mounds - a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves • Matrilineal - based on kinship with the mother or the female line. • Archaeologists - a person who studies human history, particularly the culture of historic and prehistoric people • Nomadic - roaming about from place to place • Cultural - a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place or organization • rituals - a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order • Chiefdoms - hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship

4. Definitions (Continued) • Technology - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes • Colonization - a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components (people) • Missions – a calling of a religious organization, especially a Christian one, to go out into the world and spread its faith. • Resistance -the refusal to accept or comply with something • Accelerate - begin to move more quickly • Expedition - a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose • Conquistadores - Spanish conqueror • Colony - area under the full or partial political control of another country • Voyage - a long journey involving travel by sea or in space • Mercantilism - belief in the benefits of profitable trading

5. SS8G1a 1.)Be able to name and locate Georgia’s following: • Hemispheres – North and West (Northwestern) • Region of the USA - Southeastern • Continent – North America • Country/nation – United States of America

6. SS8H1a2.) Know the prehistoric Native American time periods in chronological order 1.) Paleo 2.) Archaic 3.) Woodland 4.) Mississippian

7. SS8H1a 3.) Specifically know what cultures: • Were mainly led by men, not woman (Woodland) • had burial mounds, and why they had them (Woodland used these as burial sires) • lived in bands of 25 – 50 people (Paleo and early Archaic) • invited the bow and arrow (Woodland) • lived nomadic lifestyles, and why they lived that way (Paleo were nomadic because they had to follow herds of large animals around to hunt for food.) • lived in permanent settlements (Woodland and Mississippian) • organized into chiefdoms, developed trade networks, build mounds, used farms to support the entire population (Mississippian) • would wait next to rivers while hunting game (Paleo)

8. SS8H1a 4.) Be able to name a piece of technology from the archaic culture that impacted a piece of technology that exist today because of it. Explain their connection with supporting ideas. You are free to choose any items from your notes to use and compare to something that exists today. Example: Pottery was used during this time to store food. Today we use plastic food storage containers to keep food fresh. Being able to store food means we waster less and can keep food longer periods of time without having to find more. You would need to support this further with more ideas about why it was an important piece of technology then and today.

9. SS8H1a 5.) Describe one way Mississippians were affected by European contact. What affect has this had on Georgia today? Mississippians were greatly impacted by European contact in negative and positive waysincluding war, disease, food, education, technology, and religion. Pick one of these things and discuss how Georgia might be different today if it had not occurred.

10. SS8H1bc6. Hernando de Soto • Where did his expedition take place? Southeastern United States • What was his quest for? He was looking for gold and riches. • What negative affects did he have on the natives? De Soto affected the natives by bring disease and war to them. Many natives died because they could not successfully fight against the weapons de Soto’s mean had including guns, metal knives, war dogs, and horses.

11. SS8H1bc7.) Juanillo Rebellion and Yamasee War • Know who? What? When? Where? And how? About these events. Juanillo Rebellion- Native Americans vs Spanish. Juanillo was the chief of the Tolomato people in the Guale (Wally) Chiefdom in Georgia. Spanish had colonized in La Florida and were encroaching on the Chiefdom. Missionaries forbid many Indian practices and traditions. Jaunillo killed a friar(holy man, missionary) and encouraged other chiefs to kill missionaries settling on their land. Juanillo was killed by the Natives who supported the Spanish missionaries. Yamasee War – Native Americans vs English. Many Native American Tribes revolted against English for many reasons. Reasons included: Land encroachment by Europeans Trading system abuse Indian slave trade Depletion of food increased debt for Indians, and increased wealth for settlers Native Americans killed hundreds of settlers and destroyed settlements. Settlers fled to more established colonies. • Know what these events have in common. They were both resistant movements against to European settlements.

12. SS8H1bc8.) Age of Exploration • What were the three main reasons for European exploration? God, Gold, and Glory • Why did exploration accelerate in the 15th century? Improvements were made to ships and the navigation systems. • Reasons why Europeans wanted to settle the east coast, including Georgia? • Know at least 2 ways Europeans explorers impacted Native America life. Religion, culture, disease, war, death, crops, and technology.

13. SS8H1bc9.) Spanish Exploration • Where did the settle? Southern parts of the New World, claimed the western Unites States, Florida, and Central America • What was the purpose of Spanish Missions? To spread Christianity • Reasons for wanting to settle the New World? National Glory, to serve God, Spread power of the Catholic church, Convert Native Americans

14. SS8H1bc10.) English Exploration • Where did they settle? East coast of the New World, becomes the colonies • What was their reasons for settling the New World? Mercantilism, food crops, tobacco, raw materials, valuable market for England goods, and increased wealth for the country

15. SS8H1bc11.) French Exploration • Not as interested in occupying territories as the English. • Terms associated with French exploration: Quebec, Jacques Cartier, New Orleans, and Louis Jolliet