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Essential Guide to Footings: Types, Requirements, and Best Practices for Your Foundation

Discover the crucial aspects of footings in foundation construction. Footings are designed to carry loads and evenly distribute weight to the soil, providing essential support for your building. This guide covers the requirements for footings including soil quality, frost line considerations, and local building codes. Learn about different types of foundations such as crawl spaces, basements, and slabs on grade. Understand the importance of using appropriate materials like concrete and steel rebar to ensure structural integrity, along with essential terms related to footings.

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Essential Guide to Footings: Types, Requirements, and Best Practices for Your Foundation

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  1. FOUNDATIONS

  2. Components Footings Trench Formed Keyway Stepped Fireplace

  3. FoundationConcrete support forfloor framing & rest of the house

  4. ACCURACY & QUALITY KEY!*Soil quality effects type of foundation used Foundation: Carry Loads Distribute weight to soil evenly Footing spreads the weight Resists forces wind/earth (by anchoring down walls / eaves) Material: Concrete (works in compression) and Steel rebar (works in tension to resist min. earth movement)

  5. Compression is a pushing force Tension is a pulling force

  6. Requirements for footings • Rest on Undisturbed soil • Lie below the frost line (in colder climates) • Washington Country 12” • Multnomah County 18” • Check your local code • Slab on grade used in warmer climates • Footing width depends on soil type and # of stories

  7. Soil Bearing Capacity

  8. Footing Widths • Examples: • Soil bearing capacity 1000 psf +1 story= 18” Footing • Soil bearing capacity 3000 psf +1 story= 12” • Soil bearing capacity 1000 psf +3 story= 27” • Soil bearing capacity 3000 psf +3 story= 12”

  9. Footing Widths

  10. More Footing Requirements • Horizontal Rebar per local code • Vertical Rebar per local code • Must project at least 2” beyond wall • A means of connection to wall • Keyway • Rebar

  11. KEYWAY

  12. Types of Footings

  13. STEP FOOTINGS

  14. Slabs • Block Outs and penetrations designated by an X • Control Joints - control cracks (every 20’) • Expansion joint where vertical wall and slab meet allows for movement due to expansion and contraction.

  15. Reinforcing Bar (Rebar) • Measured in 8ths • Example: #4 Rebar = 4/8 or ½” diameter #3 rebar = 3/8” diameter

  16. 3 Types of Residential Foundations • Crawl space • Basement (full or partial) • Slab on Grade Alternative FND. Pole / Pilings (when soil not good)

  17. Crawl Space 18” minimum height from ground to bottom of floor joist

  18. Crawl Space

  19. Basement Wall

  20. Stem Wall

  21. Slab On Grade

  22. Abbreviations & Terms WWM = welded wire mesh WWF = welded wire fabric

  23. Step Footing

  24. YOUR TURN

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