1 / 23

LEARNING

LEARNING. Learning. Relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience 4 types of learning Habituation Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Observational learning They all operate under the same principle – learning by association. How do we learn?.

gemma-hinton
Télécharger la présentation

LEARNING

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. LEARNING

  2. Learning • Relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience • 4 types of learning • Habituation • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • Observational learning • They all operate under the same principle – learning by association

  3. How do we learn? Most learning is associative learning • Learning that certain events occur together.

  4. Three Main Types of Learning Classical Conditioning Observational Learning Operant Conditioning

  5. Classical Conditioning Or.. Pavlovian Conditioning Ivan Pavlov

  6. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning • Classical Conditioning • organism comes to associate two stimuli • lightning and thunder • tone and food • begins with a reflex • a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that evokes the reflex • neutral stimulus eventually comes to evoke the reflex

  7. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response. Unconditional Response (UCR): the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the UCS.

  8. Conditioned Stimulus (CS): an originally irrelevant (neutral) stimulus that, after association with the UCS, comes to trigger a response. Conditioned Response (CR): the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

  9. UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (waiting room) UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (waiting room) CR (nausea) Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients

  10. Video Clip

  11. Applying Classical Conditioning • Conditioned Fears • We have preferences for some fears • They are learned more quickly and the associations last longer, even during the extinction phase • Social Behaviors • People form strong positive and negative attitudes toward neutral objects by virtue of their links to emotionally charged stimuli • Immune System • Preliminary research shows that we can slow/bolster the immune system through classical conditioning

  12. Come up with your own examples of Classical Conditioning

  13. HW • Sex and the Single Quail Study

  14. Pavlov spent the rest of his life outlining his ideas. He came up with 5 critical terms that together make up classical conditioning. • Acquisition • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery • Generalization • Discrimination

  15. Acquisition • The initial stage of learning. • The phase where the neutral stimulus is associated with the UCS so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit the CR (thus becoming the CS). Does timing matter? • The CS should come before the UCS • They should be very close together in timing.

  16. Extinction • The diminishing of a conditioned response. • Will eventually happen when the UCS does not follow the CS. Is extinction permanent?

  17. Spontaneous Recovery • The reappearance. After a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response. • Renewal effect

  18. Generalization • The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit similar responses.

  19. Little Albert • Video clip

  20. Stimulus Discrimination • The learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that does not signal UCS.

More Related