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Jainism

Jainism. History. Jainism emerges at roughly the same time Buddhism does in India, after the Vedic period, but followers of the Jain religion believe that is has always existed. 9 th century BC, Parshva , 23 rd Tirthankar 6 th century BC, Mahavira , 24 th and last Tirthankar. 24 Jinas.

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Jainism

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  1. Jainism

  2. History • Jainism emerges at roughly the same time Buddhism does in India, after the Vedic period, but followers of the Jain religion believe that is has always existed. • 9th century BC, Parshva, 23rdTirthankar • 6th century BC, Mahavira, 24th and last Tirthankar

  3. 24 Jinas • Beings who have attained liberation • Literally, “ford-builder” • “Those who have attained” or conquered • Most recent was Lord Mahavira, but the first is supposedly a giant that lived about 8 million years ago • Deeds of the Sixty Three Illustrious Men • Also called the Universal History • Recounts in great detail the life of the 24 Jain teachers

  4. Creation According to Jainism • The universe has no beginning or end, series of heavens and hells. • The universe is also cyclical, passing through several different periods.

  5. Monastic Life • Monks strictly adhere to the three jewels and have devoted their entire lives to attaining liberation. • Depending on the sect, they wear robes or go nude. • Meditation, fasting, non-violence, and vegetarianism are key aspects of ascetic life. • Laypeople are encouraged to join the ascetic as a part of attaining liberation.

  6. Various Terms to Know • Moksa– spiritual liberation • Siddha – liberated souls • Samsarin – mundane souls • Sadhu/Sadhvi – monks/nuns

  7. Two Sects of Jainism • Digambara, “sky-clad” • Male ascetics, naked • Svetambara, “white-clad” • Male and female ascetics, wear white robes

  8. Three Jewels • Right knowledge • Right faith • Right conduct • These are necessary to gain liberation or enlightenment

  9. Five Major Vows • Ahimsa • Non-violence • Satya • Truthfullness • Asteya • Non-stealing • Brahmacharya • Celibacy • Aparigraha • Non-possessionism and non-materialism

  10. Navakar Mantra • “I bow to the Arahants, the perfected human beings. I bow to the Siddhas, liberated bodiless souls. I bow to the Acharyas, the masters and heads of congregations. I bow to the Upadhyayas, the spiritual teachers. I bow to the spiritual practitioners in the universe, Sadhus. This fivefold obeisance mantra, Destroys all sins and obstacles, And of all auspicious repetitions, Is the first and foremost.” Or: “I bow to the enlightened beings I bow to the liberated souls I bow to religious leaders I bow to religious teachers I bow to all ascetics of the world These five salutations are capable of destroying all sins. And they are the most auspicious of all benedictions.”

  11. The Big Things to Remember about Jainism • Non-violence, or Ahimsa • Ghandi looked to the Jains for some of his policies • Strict Vegetarianism • Clear distinction between lay people and the ascetic • No creator god, every soul is divine and the universe has always existed • Relatively few Jains as opposed to other religions in India like Hinduism or Buddhism.

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