1. North Eurasia, 1500-1800Unit 4

2. Japanese Reunification

3. Civil War and the Invasion of Korea and Manchuria, 1500-1603 • In 12th century, Japan came under the control of the: daimyo. • Warfare • 1592 invasion of Korea by Hideyoshi • Yi dynasty Korea was influenced by China • Language • Chinese allies • 1606 Peace • Manchu took advantage

4. The Tokugawa Shogunate, 1603-1800 • Tokugawa Shogunate 1600 replaced the Ashikaga • Land to supporters • Figurehead in Kyoto • Decentralization led to… • Transportation to Edo • Rice • Samurai

5. Japan and the Europeans • Jesuits in 1500s • Limited success • Banned; closed in 1649 • Limited contact • Trade in Nagasaki • “Dutch studies” • Trade with Asia • Korea, Okinawa, Taiwan, China, Southeast Asia • “outer lords” • Wealthy

6. Elite Decline and Social Crisis • Population • Inner v. Outer • Prices of rice • Farm v. trade • Decentralization • “Forty-seven Ronin” 1702 • Displays civil law (centralized) over military

7. The Late Ming and Early Qing Empires

8. The Later Ming Empire, to 1644 • The cultural brilliance of the Ming started to decline in the mid 1600s. • Economy, government, technological stagnation • Climate • Inflation • urban industrial sector (Jingdezhen) • Low population growth

9. Ming Collapse and the Rise of the Qing • Border threats • Mongol confederation • Korea allies • Pirates • Local rebellions • Rebel forces led by Li Zicheng overthrew the Ming in 1644, and the Manchu Qing Empire then entered Beijing, restored order, and claimed China for its own. • Manchu family ruled the Qing, but the majority of the population were Chinese.

10. Trading Companies and Missionaries • What was Chinese attitude toward European trade? • Limited access • Dutch East Indian Company • The Jesuits

11. Emperor Kangxi (1662-1722) • Kangxi • 16years, prodigy • Military commander • Expansion and stability • Incorporate foreign ideas • Mongolian, Tibetan, Korean • European • Mapmaking, astronomy, pharmaceutical • Europeans learned from China:

12. Chinese Influences on Europe • Luxury goods such as:____, _____, ______, wallpaper. • Social/philosophical influence • Voltaire • benevolent

13. Tea and Diplomacy • Qing developed “market points” for trading. Why? • City of Canton • However, by late 1700s the British East Indian company and other English traders wanted to undermine the “Canton System”. • In 1793-94 the British sent Lord Macartney for diplomatic relations with China.

14. Population and Social Stress • The introduction of ______ and _____ crops contributed to the increase in China’s population between ___ to ___ by the late 1700s. • Environmental stress • Deforestation, erosion, silting of rivers and canals, flooding • Migration, crime, local rebellions • Politically overwhelmed

15. The Russian Empire

16. The Drive Across Northern Asia • Moscow • Muscovy • Conquered the Khanates under Ivan IV in 1547. • Siberia • Russia met with Qing in 1689 and 1727 • Result:

17. Russian Society and Politics to 1725 • Diversity led to _____. • Cossacks • Russian boyars overthrew old line of Muscovite rulers and replaced them with the Romanov family. • Serfdom in 1649

18. Peter the Great (1689-1725) • War with Ottoman and liberation of Constantinople were unsuccessful. Was successful in the Great Northern War against the Swedish. • Result: • St. Petersburg • Westernization; • The Great Embassy • Broke power of boyars • Control over church • Improve military • Increased serfdom • (Eastern Orthodox Church)

19. Consolidation of the Empire • Russian expansion in Alaska • Catherine the Great • Largest empire • Agriculture, logging, fishing furs

20. Political Comparisons • Between 1500 and 1800, China and Russia ___ dramatically, both in territory and population. • In comparison to Russia and China, the seaborne trading empires of the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English had less territory, tighter administrations, and much more global sweep. • Despite being headed by an emperor, Japan’s size, homogeneity, and failure to add _____ disqualify it from being called a true empire. • _____ and _____ made greater progress in improving their military than did the Chinese. • Of Japan, Russia, and China, ______ did the most to build up its imperial navy.

21. Cultural, Social, and Economic Comparisons • As they expanded, both China and Russia pursued policies that tolerated diversity, while promoting cultural assimilation. • While both Russian and Chinese leaders were willing to use foreign ideas and technologies, they tended to see their own culture as _____. • Both China and Russia had hierarchical and oppressive social systems. • Merchants occupied a precarious position in both China and Japan.