Ecomondo October 2009 Landfill Conference - The implementation of the Landfill Directive

1. Ecomondo October 2009Landfill Conference - The implementation of the Landfill Directive Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and associated Council Decision (2002/33/EC) – Implementation in Denmark An overview. Steen Stentsøe, Senior Specialist Landfills Waste Management - COWI A/S Data from: Jørgen G. Hansen, Chief Advisor Soil & Waste Division - Danish EPA (Miljøstyrelsen) Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

2. Ecomondo October 2009Landfill Conference - The implementation of the Landfill Directive • Timeline for the implementation in Denmark. • Over-implementation in DK (”Gold Plating”) • Deviations in the Danish implementation • Questions ? Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

3. EU Landfill Directive published at 16. July 1999. Implementation deadline latest 16. July 2002. Annexes to the LD to be adopted (in TAC) at the latest 16. July 2002. New proposal for the annexes in June 2002. Proposal rejected by the Member States (in TAC) in July 2002. I Implementation deadline for Council Decision in Member States latest 16. July 2004. In DK the Landfill Directive was implemented in June 2002. The Danish edition of the CD was adjusted at 19. May 2003 due to numerous errors in translation Implemented in DK 1. april 2006approx. 10 transitionplans in processHarbour sludge deposits in process Timeline for the implementation Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

4. Timeline for the implementation • Results of the evaluation of transistion plans for existing landfills: • Total nos. of landfill by 2002: 140 landfills(Harbour sludge deposits not included) • Nos. Of landfill approved or expected to be approved for continuation 40 landfills Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

5. Over-implementation in DK (”Gold Plating”) Design: • Requirements for liners at all categories of landfills (inert, non-haz and haz).(NB: According to the LD Member States may set general/specific requirements for liners at inert landfills.) • More stringent requirements for thickness of the geological barrier - for inert & non haz landfills.(Read: Minimum 2 meter thickness of clay liner – compared to “only” 1 meter in the LD.) • Reduced requirements for liners and leachate collection system for landfills established with “inwards groundwater pressure”.(Read: Where the bottom of a landfill is established below the local groundwater/surface water table.) • For the above mentioned landfills: More stringent requirements for monitoring of groundwater/surface table around the landfill.(Read: 4 times instead of 2 times a year as stated in the LD.) Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

6. Over-implementation in DK (”Gold Plating”) Operation: • Mandatory to collect climate data.(In LD only mandatory if a leachate water balance is required by competent authority) • Surface sealing is not allowed on landfills with bottomliner for inert, mineral or mixed waste - hazardous waste only by excemtionIn order to reach “Final storage quality” - or passive phase - asap and to avoid “ticking bombs”. Can be exempted if the waste can be extracted for utilization within 5 years). • Minimum requirements for the final cover of landfillsmin 1,0 m final cover of semi-permeable materials, min 1,9m for agricultural areas or 1,15 m if a gravel root barrier is included • Possibility for the landfill operators to work out the annual report by use of an internet-based web-application (ERISDA).(Central database facility can be used at a yearly fee - submits data in uniformed report-format to be used for annual monitoring and operating report) Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

7. Over-implementation in DK (”Gold Plating”) Mandatory Certificate • Staff responsible for the management of a landfill shall be in possession of a “Certificate A” before 1. July 2006. • All other staff working at landfills (with landfill-related tasks) shall be in possession of a “Certificate B” before 1. July 2007. • “A-Certificate” requires examinations in “Landfill Regulation/Legislation”; “Landfill Operation” and “Landfill Management”. • “B-Certificate” requires examinations in “Landfill Regulation/Legislation” and “Landfill operation” and participation in a one-week “Machinery Course”.(NB: Criteria to pass the tests to obtain B-Certificate is reduced compared to obtaining an A-Certificate!) • By 2008 approximately 500 persons have obtained a Certificate.(NB: 154 persons have obtained an A-Certificate ≈ appr. 2 persons per landfill.) Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

8. How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? Acceptance of waste: • Mandatory subcategories for landfills for non-haz waste • Acceptance criteria depending on the location of the landfill (inland or near to the sea) • Landfills for mixed waste to be located near the sea only. • Landfills close to the sea must fulfil a “site-factor” • Supplementary (future?) criteria for leaching of organic components. Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

9. How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? Subcategories for landfills for non-haz waste • Landfills for mineral waste (TOC < 5%) • Landfills for polluted soil (mineral waste) • Landfills for polluted dredging sludge (mineral waste) • Landfills for mixed waste (TOC ≧ 5%) • Special rules for gypsum and asbestos: • Non-haz. Gypsum can only be accepted on mineral waste landfills • Haz. Asbestos waste can be accepted at separate part of landfill for mineral waste Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

10. Landfills by the sea situated at location with high dilution Landfills by the sea with low dilution and/or large landfill area Landfills inland Limit values from CD Moderate stringent limit values Ie.: CD limit values reduced by a factor 1-10 Stringent limit values Ie.: CD limit values reduced by a factor approx. 10 How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? Acceptance criteria for leaching characteristics depending on the location of the landfill (inland or near the sea) Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

11. How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? Acceptance criteria - other • Limits for Mineral waste: • TOC < 5% (5.000 mg/kg) • BTEX < 15 mg/kg • PCB < 10 mg/kg • Sum (C6-C40) < 450 mg/kg • PAH < 75 mg/kg • Naphtalene < 5 mg/kg Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

12. How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? Landfills have to be located near the sea • Location “near the sea”:- the distance from the sea as shall be less than 15 km- no public drinking water wells situated downstream- uni-directional, continuous down-stream ground water flow towards the sea • New Danish legislation will imply that all new landfills for mixed waste have to be located near the sea.(NB: Include ban on extension of existing landfills for mixed waste located inland.) • Existing inland landfills for mixed waste shall be closed down when established capacity are utilized - and latest at 2020. Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

13. How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? Landfills located near the sea must fulfil a “Site-Factor” Calculation of ”Site-factor” (NB: Has to be ≤ 1,0): SF = (TA x 30) / (SA x Dilution at the location) TA: Total area of the landfill (existing cells + cells closed down after 16/7-2001) SA: Standard Area = 10.000 m2 Dilution at the location: From ”Dashboard”. (Read: A “WEB-Application”) Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

14. How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009

15. How does the implementation of the Landfill Directive in DK deviate ? If a landfill cannot fulfil the ”Site-Factor” ? ….then the operator of the landfill (as a last possibility) can ask the local ”Water District Authority” to evaluate - by use of an environmental risk assessment - whether the landfill will course any unacceptable harm on the environment.If the “WDA” cannot approve the landfill – the landfill has to be closed down a.s.a.p. Ecomondo Rimini Oct. 2009