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9 th Grade Global History Review

9 th Grade Global History Review . June 4, 2012. Homework . For Friday: Complete the multiple c hoice section of practice Regents #2 on a scantron Outline the thematic essay

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9 th Grade Global History Review

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  1. 9th Grade Global History Review June 4, 2012

  2. Homework • For Friday: • Complete the multiple choice section of practice Regents #2 on a scantron • Outline the thematic essay • For the DBQ, answer the scaffolding questions, write an introduction (with thesis) and first body paragraph for the essay. In the body paragraph, outline any outside information that you bring in.

  3. I. Neolithic Revolution (10,000 B.C. – 3000 B.C.) • Cause: People learn to plant seeds to grow food, and to domesticate animals. • Result: People stop being nomadic, settle down to become farmers. Theycreate the first permanent settlements (villages/cities). This leads to the rise of governments and civilizations.

  4. II. Early River Valley Civilizations • Mesopotamia (Iraq) – Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. • Egypt – Nile River • Indus River Valley / Harappan Civilization (India) – Indus and the Ganges Rivers. • Ancient China – Huang He and Yangtze Rivers Established near rivers because of the three F’s: Fertile soil, fresh water supply, food source.

  5. III. Hammurabi’s Code • Created in Mesopotamia by the Sumerians • First written code of laws • “Eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” • Social classes were treated differently (rich were treated better than the poor, men were treated better than women).

  6. IV. Ancient Greece • Geography: Very mountainous, leads Greece to be divided into separate city-states. • Sparta (militaristic, “jocks”) vs. Athens (artistic, intellectual, “nerds”) • Athens had a direct democracy (citizens vote directly on all laws) under Pericles, great philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), amazing art and architecture that the United States has copied. 

  7. V. Ancient Rome • Originally a representative democracy, later becomes an Empire that conquers much of the world. Empire is united by a strong system of roads • Greatest contribution to western society – legal system (Twelve Tables).

  8. VI. Hinduism (India) • Caste System (Varna) – Strict class system • Reincarnation – When you die, your soul is born again in a different form. • Karma: All the good and bad deeds you commit in your life • Dharma: Duties that you owe to your caste. Do your dharma to get good karma and move up in the varna (caste system)

  9. VII. Confucianism (China) • Confucius: Philosopher in China who creates to create a peaceful, orderly society. • People are naturally good. They should become educated so they can work improve themselves and the world. • People should accept their place in society (“TheFive Relationships”). Children and young people should show respect for their parents and elders (filial piety). Other major philosophies in China:Taoism (live in harmony with nature, “go with the flow”) Legalism (associated with the Qin dynasty and the ruler Qin Shi Huangdi. Harsh laws and punishments will keep people in line).

  10. VIII. Buddhism (India / China) • Founded by Siddartha Gautama (Buddha). Teaches the Four Nobles Truths: • All life is full of suffering • Suffering is caused by desire • The way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate desire. • Following the Eightfold Path will help people overcome desire. • Goal: Nirvana (union with the universe and release from the cycle of birth and death).

  11. IX. Islam (followers are Muslims) • Founded by Muhammad. Holy book in the Qur’an, people pray in mosques, follow the Five Pillars: • Faith in one god (Allah) • Praying five times a day in the direction of Mecca (city where Muhammad was born) • Help the poor • Fast during the holy month of Ramadan • Visit the holy city of Mecca at least once in your lifetime (hajj). • Muslim Empire in the Middle East (600’s-1200’s) preserves Greek and Roman knowledge, has major accomplishments in art, literature, philosophy, medicine and math (create algebra)

  12. Middle Ages in Europe (500’s-1400’s) • Collapse of strong central governments in Europe. The Church and Christianity provide order and meaning in people’s lives. • Political system: Feudalism (land is exchanged for military service and loyalty) • Economic system: Manorialism(Lords lived on manors that were famed by serfs. Serfs are bound to the land and can’t leave). • Major Event: Crusades (religious wars between Christians in Europe and the Muslims for the Holy Land of Jerusalem).

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