Day 1 Bellwork

1. Day 1 Bellwork • List all 13 original colonies on your own. • Compare your list to the person next to you. Add/subtract colonies to complete your list.

2. Foundations of America Week 1 - Colonialization

3. Explorers Hernando Cortes – fought Aztecs Alonso Alvarez – mapping Amerigo Vespucci Ponce De Leon Cabot Christopher Columbus – Columbian exchange brought 3 worlds together European, American, African good and bad

4. British Colonies • 1607 – England reached North America • John Smith settled Jamestown • Joint-stock-companies owned settlement • Failed • Searching for gold before farming land • Tobacco farming saved Jamestown • Indentured servants (exchange boat ride for work) • Colonists unhappy w/lack of representation in Virginia’s colonial legislature (House of Burgesses)

5. At this point, why is Virginia’s House of Burgesses important?

6. The Puritans • Puritans = Separatists • Pilgrims to America 1620 • Founded Plymouth Colony (2nd English col.) • Mayflower Compact • Significant to American democracy • Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630 • Plymouth and Mass. Colony joined together.

7. Native Americans • Friendly toward colonists at first • Fighting over land and religion • Feared end of their way of life • Resented colonists trying to convert them to Christianity • No hunting or fishing on Sundays • King Philips’ War (Metacom) – 2 years • Colonists won

8. The Middle Colonies • Dutch – New York, New Jersey • Quakers – Pennsylvania, Delaware • Representative gov’t • Freedom of religion • Paid Indians for land • Equality, cooperation, and relig. tolerance

9. The Thirteen Colonies to the 1700’s

10. England and its Colonies, 1700’s • Colonies existed for England’s gain • The crown exercised more and more control over colonies government and economy • 125 years to found the original 13 colonies that became the United States

11. Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts • New economic system = mercantilism • A nation can increase its wealth and power by: • Finding gold and silver • Finding a good balance of trade • Sell more goods than bought

12. 1651, England to control more of colonies • Navigation Acts • No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships. • All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three quarters English or colonial. • The colonies could export certain products, including tobacco and sugar only to England. • Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port.

13. Governments • Colonies had similar governments • Governor appointed by king • Local assembly chosen by white landowners • Raise taxes • Create laws • Colonists paid the governor, not the king • Colonists controlled the governor

14. What is significant about the colonial governments?

15. What is significant about the colonial governments? • Colonists are developing a taste for self-government • Lead to rebellion

16. Road to Revolution Foldable Activity

17. Day 2 Bellwork: Objective = Review • Define (with the significance) the following terms in your own words based on what you learned yesterday. • Columbian Exchange • Indentured servant • Joint stock company • Mercantilism • Navigation Acts • Quakers

18. Watch 18 min clip of “America. The Story of Us: Rebels” • Discuss anything new the students had not heard before.

19. Day 3 Bellwork • What do you think the Great Awakening refers to? • What do you think the Enlightenment refers to?

20. Objectives • Discuss how the growing tensions between England and the colonies led to a revolution and independence • Explain how the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening influenced American thinking

21. Questions to Answer • In what ways did the Navigation Acts affect trade in the colonies? • How did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening affect the established order? • What disagreements arose between Britain and the colonies in the 1700’s? • Why did the colonies declare their independence?

22. 17th Century Triangle trade Goods Slaves Middle Passage

23. Commerce grows in the North • Increase trade = increase port cities • Immigrants attracted to America • Triangle trade • Increased wealth in colonies • Expand trade • Expand colonies • English Parliament upset

24. Glorious Revolution, 1688 • When Mary and William claimed throne • Bloodless change of power • Swore to acceptance of English Bill of Rights • Influenced American gov’t • Colonists got rid of corrupt Governor • Mary and William okayed RI and Conn’s gov’t • Gave new charter for Mass. • Restored colonist’s rights to elect assembly • Voters did not have to be Puritan church members • Freedom of worship

25. Glorious Revolution • Suggested revolutions were okay sometimes • John Locke • Two Treaties of Government, 1690 • Revolutions • Monarch’s right to rule came from people • People born with unalienable rights • Life, liberty, and property • If ruler violated rights, people justified to rebel • American colonists sparked by Locke’s ideas • Thomas Jefferson used Locke’s words in Declaration of Independence, 1776 • Magna Carta – limit powers + protect rights • English Bill of Rights

26. In what ways did the Navigation Acts affect trade in the colonies? • How did the Glorious Revolution contribute to planting the seeds toward Revolution?

27. In what ways did the Navigation Acts affect trade in the colonies? • Raw materials more expensive • Encouraged illegal activities like smuggling • How did the Glorious Revolution contribute to planting the seeds toward American Revolution? • Suggested revolutions were okay • Belief in unalienable rights

28. Two cultural movements affected colonists • Enlightenment and Great Awakening • Both challenge traditional authorities • Enlightenment, 1600-1700, Europe • Human reason • Science • Both way of learning truth • Physical world + human nature worked together according to natural laws • Use logic and reason

29. John Locke • Essay on Human Understanding • people not born sinful • Minds blank slate • Society and education shaped people • All people have rights • Society can improve • All core beliefs in American society • Jean Rousseau • The Social Contract • Gov’t formed by consent of people • people make own laws

30. Baron Montesquieu • Spirit of the Laws, 1748 • 3 types of political power • Executive • Legislative • Judicial • Powers should be separated into branches • Checks and balances • Prevent gov’t abuse of authority • Influenced leaders of American Constitution

31. The Great Awakening • Widespread resurgence of religious fervor • Peeked in 1740 • Jonathan Edwards • George Whitefield • Churches split over pietism • Stressed individual devoutness • Baptist, Presbyterians, Methodists won members • Old traditional churches lost members

32. In closing… • Both Enlightenment and Great Awakening • Different origins • Different directions • Both • Emphasized individualism • Pushed colonists toward political independence • Enlightenment • Supported arguments against British rule • Great Awakening • Undermined allegiance to traditional authority • Intense, personal relationship with God

33. How did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening affect the established order? • It split churches into various factions • It reinforced the concept of individualism

34. Chapter 1 Quiz • Get out a piece of paper • Number it 1-15 • Turn your paper over when finished.