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Soil ecology in balance Healthier soil Greater biological diversity

Soil ecology in balance Healthier soil Greater biological diversity. Enhanced moisture conservation Timely irrigation management. Low disturbance Practices that reduce soil compaction Direct seeding Permanent planting Cover cropping.

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Soil ecology in balance Healthier soil Greater biological diversity

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  1. Soil ecology in balance Healthier soil Greater biological diversity • Enhanced moisture conservation • Timely irrigation management • Low disturbance • Practices that reduce soil compaction • Direct seeding • Permanent planting • Cover cropping • Sufficient soil fertility / slow nutrient release • Manure / composts • Neutral pH • Crop rotation • Residue cover • Build organic matter MANAGEMENT PRACTICES INFLUENCE SOIL ECOLOGY • Fumigants • Herbicides • Fungicides • Insecticides • Monoculture • Overgrazing • High disturbance • Tillage • Burning • Steam sterilization Changing ecology of system Imbalance in species Some groups increasing in number; some groups eliminated Figure 4.4 Management practices that influence soil life. (Modified from Kennedy et. al. 2004)

  2. Examples of Influences of plant growth promoting and biocontrol microorganisms on plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry Volume 40, Issue 7, July 2008, Pages 1733-1740

  3. Ecological Linkages Between Aboveground and Belowground Biota David A. Wardle,1,2* Richard D. Bardgett,3 John N. Klironomos,4 Heikki Seta¨la¨,5 Wim H. van der Putten,6 Diana H. Wall7 SCIENCE VOL 304 11 JUNE 2004:1629-1633

  4. Ecological Linkages Between Aboveground • and Belowground Biota • David A. Wardle,1,2* Richard D. Bardgett,3 John N. Klironomos,4 Heikki Seta¨la¨,5 • Wim H. van der Putten,6 Diana H. Wall7 • SCIENCE VOL 304 11 JUNE 2004:1629-1633

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