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Bellwork Wed 3/26/14

Bellwork Wed 3/26/14. Self-Rule for British Colonies. Britain allows self-rule in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand but delays it for Ireland. Goals:. Describe how Canada achieved self-rule. Explain how Australia and New Zealand became Western democracies.

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Bellwork Wed 3/26/14

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  1. Bellwork Wed 3/26/14

  2. Self-Rule for British Colonies Britain allows self-rule in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand but delays it for Ireland.

  3. Goals: • Describe how Canada achieved self-rule. • Explain how Australia and New Zealand became Western democracies. • Describe the British domination of Ireland.

  4. Canada Struggles for Self-Rule • Canada was originally home to many Native American peoples. • Later, problems between Catholic French and Protestant English settlers. • Canada split: Upper Canada (English), Lower Canada (French).

  5. The Durham Report • Findings: • This division eases tensions, but upper class holds power. • Middle class demands more reform, producing rebellions in 1830s. • Suggestions: • Reunite Upper & Lower Canada and encourage British settlement (water down the French) • Allow Canadian colonists to rule selves in domestic affairs.

  6. The Dominion of Canada • Canadians want central government to protect interests against U.S. • In 1867, Dominion of Canada formed. • Dominion—self-governing but part of British Empire.

  7. Canada’s Westward Expansion • First prime minister of Canada is John MacDonald. • Expands Canada to Pacific, then builds transcontinental railroad.

  8. Australia and New Zealand James Cook Explores • Captain Cook claims New Zealand (1769), part of Australia (1770). • Cook encounters Maori—native people of New Zealand. • Australian native peoples called Aborigines by Europeans.

  9. Britain’s Penal Colony • In 1788, Britain starts colonizing Australia, makes it penal colony. • Penal colony—place where convicts are sent to serve their sentences. • Upon release, prisoners could buy land and settle.

  10. Free Settlers Arrive • Free people eventually settle both locations. • Settlers introduce sheep; wool becomes major export. • Government offers cheap land to encourage immigration. • Immigration also encouraged by GOLD rush.

  11. Settling New Zealand • Britain recognizes Maori land rights until conflicts in 1839 between Maori and new immigrants. • In 1840, Maori agree to accept British rule in exchange for British recognition of Maori land rights.

  12. Self-Government • In early 1900s, both Australia and New Zealand get limited self-rule. • In 1850s, Australians are first to use the secret ballot. • In 1893, New Zealand the first nation to grant (white) women suffrage.

  13. Status of Native Peoples • Colonists displace, kill many Maori and Aborigines. • European diseases also take a heavy toll. • Native peoples pushed to “edge” of civilization.

  14. The Irish Win Home Rule A Troubled History • English expansion into & domination of Ireland begins in the 1100s. • Irish Catholic majority resents English laws favoring Protestants and English language/culture.

  15. The Great Famine • Irish peasants depend heavily on potatoes for nourishment. • 1845–1848 potato famine destroys entire crop; one million out of eight million people die. • Millions flee Ireland to U.S., Canada, Australia, Britain. Because of this, today there are MANY more “Irish” in U.S. than in Ireland.

  16. Demands for Home Rule • Many Irish want home rule—local control over internal affairs. • British reservations: • What if they want (gasp) independence? • What will happen to Protestant minority? • Finally agree to begin Home Rule in 1914… • postponed by World War I.

  17. Rebellion and Division • Frustrated Irish nationalists stage failed Easter uprising in 1916. • Irish Republican Army—unofficial military force seeking independence.

  18. Rebellion and Division, cont. • In 1921, Ireland splits; Northern Ireland remains part of Britain. • South becomes Irish Free State, then Republic of Ireland in 1949. • Conflict over Northern Ireland continues…

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