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MMPI-2-RF. History of the MMPI. J. C. McKinley, MD. Starke R. Hathaway, PhD. HISTORY 1939 MMPI Developed by Hathaway and McKinley as a measure of personality structure and psychopathology 1989 MMPI-2 567 items, 6 th -grade reading level, 18 & up
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MMPI-2-RF Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
History of theMMPI J. C. McKinley, MD • Starke R. Hathaway, PhD HISTORY 1939 MMPI Developed by Hathaway and McKinley as a measure of personality structure and psychopathology 1989 MMPI-2 567 items, 6th-grade reading level, 18 & up 1992 MMPI-A 478 items, 5th-grade reading level, 14-18 years 2003 RC Scales for MMPI-2 – enhanced discriminant/convergent validity 2008 MMPI-2-RF 338 items, 5th-grade reading level, 18 & up Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
How it works Empirical Keying • Develop a pool of items • Assign each to categories based on theoretical constructs • Test them with groups • Non-clinical • Various diagnoses • Identify most distinctive items Each clinical scale to predict one syndrome Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
MMPI-2-RF • Shorter • Higher validity and reliability • Specialized substantive scales • Less intercorrelation • Comparable validities for Caucasians and African Americans • Validated for • mental health inpatient and outpatient clinics • substance abuse treatment centers • criminal court proceedings • personal injury and disability evaluations • public safety employment evaluations • expert testimony in forensic evaluations Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
MMPI-2-RF Software • Software and report features • Audio on-screen administration of the MMPI-2-RF • Add comparative means and standard deviations for 18 different settings to your MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report or MMPI-2-RF Score Report • Add annotation, end notes, and hover text to your MMPI-2-RF Interpretive Report Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Overview • 338 items • 51 scales (10 validity, 42 substantive) • Validity • CNS, VRIN-r, TRIN-r, F-r, Fp-r, Fs, FBS-r, RBS, L-r, & K-r • Substantive • 9 from MMPI-2 (RC Scales) • 33 new scales, including • 3 Higher-Order (emotional/internalizing, thought, behavioral/externalizing) • 23 specific problem scales • 2 interest scales • 5 revised personality psychopathology-5 scales Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Overview Validity (10) Higher-Order (H-O) (3) Restructured Clinical (RC) (9) Somatic/Cognitive (5) Internalizing (9) Externalizing (4) Interpersonal (5) Interest (2) Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) (5) Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Validity Scales Revised version of 7 MMPI-2 Validity Indicators, 1 New Infrequency Scale (Fs) and 1 New Measure of Response Bias (RBS) VRIN-r - Variable Response Inconsistency TRIN-r - True Response Inconsistency F-r - Infrequent Responses Fp-r - Infrequent Psychopathology Responses Fs - Infrequent Somatic Responses FBS-r - Symptom Validity RBS - Response Bias L-r - Uncommon Virtues K-r - Adjustment Validity Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Higher-Order (H-O) Scales Broad Dimensional Scales Measuring Emotional, Thought, and Behavioral Dysfunction • EID - Emotional / Internalizing Dysfunction • THD - Thought Dysfunction • BXD - Behavioral / Externalizing Dysfunction Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales Assessing the valuable descriptive and distinctive core features of the MMPI-2 CS RCd-(dem) - Demoralization RC1-(som) - Somatic Complaints RC2-(lpe) - Low Positive Emotions RC3-(cyn) - Cynicism RC4-(asb) - Antisocial Behavior RC6-(per) - Ideas of Persecution RC7-(dne) - Dysfunctional Negative Emotions RC8-(abx) - Aberrant Experiences RC9-(hpm) - Hypomanic Activation Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Somatic / Cognitive Scales MLS - Malaise GIC - Gastro-Intestinal Complaints HPC - Head Pain Complaints NUC - Neurological Complaints COG - Cognitive Complaints Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Internalizing Scales SUI - Suicidal/Death Ideation HLP - Helplessness/Hopelessness SFD - Self-Doubt NFC - Inefficacy STW - Stress / Worry AXY - Anxiety ANP - Anger Proneness BRF - Behavior-Restricting Fears MSF - Multiple Specific Fears Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Externalizing Scales JCP - Juvenile Conduct Problems SUB - Substance Abuse AGG - Aggression ACT - Activation Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Interpersonal Scales FML - Family Problems IPP - Interpersonal Passivity SAV - Social Avoidance SHY - Shyness DSF - Disaffiliativeness Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Interest Scales AES - Aesthetic-Literary InterestsMEC - Mechanical-Physical Interests Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
PSY-5 Personality Psychopathology AGGR-r - Aggressiveness-Revised PSYC-r - Psychoticism-Revised DISC-r - Disconstraint-Revised NEGE-r - Negative Emotionality / Neuroticism-RINTR-r - Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality-R Aggr Psych Disc Nege Intr Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Interpreting • Cautionary note on re-administering • Always consider extra-test data when interpreting • Start with Validity Scales • Content Non-Responsiveness (VRIN-r, TRIN-r, CNS) • Over-Reporting (F-r, Fp-r, Fs, FBS-r) • F-r—psychological, cognitive, and somatic symptoms • Fp-r—rarely endorsed by those with severe psychopathology • High F-r but low Fp-r could reflect genuine psychopathology • Fs—rarely endorsed somatic complaints • FBS—rarely endorsed somatic and cognitive complaints • RBS—unusual responses related to memory complaints • L-r—Uncommon virtues • K-r—when presenting as well-adjusted (defensiveness) Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Sample Protocol • Review Sample • Is it valid? • Any concerns? • What is this person experiencing? Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Sample Protocol • EID = 83 • Considerable emotional distress/crisis Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Sample Protocol • RCd = 81 • Experiencing significant emotional turmoil • Feeling overwhelmed • Extremely unhappy/dissatisfied with life Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Sample Protocol • RC1 = 70 • Multiple somatic complaints, including head pain and neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Sample Protocol • RC2 = 70 • Lack of positive emotional experiences • Significant anhedonia Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Sample Protocol • RC7 = 86 • Negative emotions (anxiety, anger, fear) Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Sample Protocol • Additional scales • If time permits Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Somatic / Cognitive Scales MLS - Malaise GIC - Gastro-Intestinal Complaints HPC - Head Pain Complaints NUC - Neurological Complaints COG - Cognitive Complaints Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Internalizing Scales SUI - Suicidal/Death Ideation HLP - Helplessness/Hopelessness SFD - Self-Doubt NFC - Inefficacy STW - Stress / Worry AXY - Anxiety ANP - Anger Proneness BRF - Behavior-Restricting Fears MSF - Multiple Specific Fears Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Externalizing Scales JCP - Juvenile Conduct Problems SUB - Substance Abuse AGG - Aggression ACT - Activation Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Interpersonal Scales FML - Family Problems IPP - Interpersonal Passivity SAV - Social Avoidance SHY - Shyness DSF - Disaffiliativeness Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Interest Scales AES - Aesthetic-Literary InterestsMEC - Mechanical-Physical Interests Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
PSY-5 Personality Psychopathology AGGR-r - Aggressiveness-Revised PSYC-r - Psychoticism-Revised DISC-r - Disconstraint-Revised NEGE-r - Negative Emotionality / Neuroticism-RINTR-r - Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality-R Aggr Psych Disc Nege Intr Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD
Summary of MMPI-2-RF • Validated for a number of settings • Shorter • More Valid • More reliable • More sensitive to different cultural bg’s • Superior software = more options Created by Todd Lengnick, PsyD