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Tutorial #2

Tutorial #2. Networking intro. Jaringan. Menghubungkan suatu komputer dengan komputer lainnya. Network Edge. Peer-to-Peer Kesetaraan Client-Server Memiliki layanan. Network Core. Interconnected router Network of network. Arsitektur. Internet Protocol Stack : Application Transport

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Tutorial #2

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  1. Tutorial #2 Networking intro

  2. Jaringan Menghubungkansuatukomputerdengankomputerlainnya

  3. Network Edge Peer-to-Peer Kesetaraan Client-Server Memilikilayanan Network Core Interconnected router Network of network

  4. Arsitektur Internet Protocol Stack : • Application • Transport • Network • Link • Physical

  5. IstilahPenting • Host : end system • Protocol : aturan

  6. Application Layer • Mendukungpenggunaanjaringan • Main protocol : • DHCP • HTTP (80), varian : HTTP Proxy (8080), HTTP Secure • POP3 (??) • SMTP (??)

  7. Transport Layer Transfer data antar proses Protocol : TCP (reliable) UDP (unreliable)

  8. Network • Mengendalikan data darisumberketujuan • Protocol : • ICMP • IP • routing protocol

  9. Link Layer • Fokuspada data antaraelemenjaringan • Protocol : • Ethernet • PPP

  10. Physical Layer • Fokuspada data di media transmisi • Contohisu : • Teknologisinyaljaringan (encoding, decoding, noise removal) • Teknologiperkabelan

  11. network link physical link physical M M M Ht M Hn Hn Hn Hn Ht Ht Ht Ht M M M M Ht Ht Hn Hl Hl Hl Hn Hn Hn Ht Ht Ht M M M source message application transport network link physical segment datagram frame switch destination application transport network link physical router

  12. used by hosts & routers to communicate network-level information error reporting: unreachable host, network, port, protocol echo request/reply (used by ping) network-layer “above” IP: ICMP msgs carried in IP datagrams ICMP message: type, code plus first 8 bytes of IP datagram causing error ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol TypeCodedescription 0 0 echo reply (ping) 3 0 dest. network unreachable 3 1 dest host unreachable 3 2 dest protocol unreachable 3 3 dest port unreachable 3 6 dest network unknown 3 7 dest host unknown 4 0 source quench (congestion control - not used) 8 0 echo request (ping) 9 0 route advertisement 10 0 router discovery 11 0 TTL expired 12 0 bad IP header Network Layer

  13. Source sends series of UDP segments to dest First has TTL =1 Second has TTL=2, etc. Unlikely port number When nth datagram arrives to nth router: Router discards datagram And sends to source an ICMP message (type 11, code 0) Message includes name of router& IP address When ICMP message arrives, source calculates RTT Traceroute does this 3 times Stopping criterion UDP segment eventually arrives at destination host Destination returns ICMP “host unreachable” packet (type 3, code 3) When source gets this ICMP, stops. Traceroute and ICMP Network Layer

  14. ICMP Header Network Layer

  15. Traceroute Network Layer

  16. IP address: 32-bit identifier for host, router interface interface: connection between host/router and physical link router’s typically have multiple interfaces host typically has one interface IP addresses associated with each interface 223.1.1.2 223.1.2.2 223.1.3.27 223.1.2.1 223.1.3.2 223.1.3.1 IP Addressing: introduction 223.1.1.1 223.1.2.9 223.1.1.4 223.1.1.3 Network Layer 223.1.1.1 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001 223 1 1 1

  17. IP address: subnet part (high order bits) host part (low order bits) What’s a subnet ? device interfaces with same subnet part of IP address can physically reach each other without intervening router Subnets 223.1.1.1 223.1.2.1 223.1.1.2 223.1.2.9 223.1.1.4 223.1.2.2 223.1.1.3 223.1.3.27 Network Layer subnet 223.1.3.2 223.1.3.1 network consisting of 3 subnets

  18. Without Subnetting The entire network(141.14.0.0) is connected as one LAN

  19. With subnetting The LAN can be divided into manageable sizes

  20. host part subnet part 11001000 0001011100010000 00000000 200.23.16.0/23 IP addressing: CIDR CIDR:Classless InterDomain Routing • subnet portion of address of arbitrary length • address format: a.b.c.d/x, where x is # bits in subnet portion of address Network Layer

  21. Example Before subnetting: 204.17.5.0 11001100.00010001.00000101.00000000 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 After subnetting with two subnet • 204.17.5.0 11001100.00010001.00000101.00000000 • 255.255.255.12811111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 • 204.17.5.12811001100.00010001.00000101.10000000 • 255.255.255.12811111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 Given network of 204.17.5.0/24. Create two network subnet:

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