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Intro to Medieval Japan

Intro to Medieval Japan. The return of the Warriors. Periods in Japanese History. Jomon (chord pattern) 4000 BC - Yayoi 200 AD - Uji tribal system Kofun tumuli symbolic of hierarchy/wealth Yamato family emerged from an uji cluster Imperial Japan 6th c. AD

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Intro to Medieval Japan

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  1. Intro to Medieval Japan The return of the Warriors

  2. Periods in Japanese History • Jomon (chord pattern) 4000 BC - • Yayoi 200 AD - • Uji tribal system • Kofun tumuli symbolic of hierarchy/wealth • Yamato family emerged from an uji cluster • Imperial Japan 6th c. AD • Yamato family adopting infrastructure of Chinese civilization

  3. Jomon (neolithic) • Jomon gradually overtaken by Yayoi culture

  4. Yayoi culture • Kofun tumuli • Korean connection? • Wheel-made pottery; bronze and iron • Irrigated rice cultivation • Han dynasty coins and mirrors

  5. Adoption of Chinese civilization • Soga and Yamato “uji” families • Prince Shotoku and the 17-article “Constitution” • Kojiki/Nihongi • Amaterasu (Sun Goddess), Susano-o (Storm God) and the imperial regalia or three sacred treasures: curved jewels; mirror; sword

  6. Heijo, Heian JapanChinese model, Japanese practice • Chapt. 14. “Pilgrimage to Sumiyoshi,” or “Channel Bouys, Miotsukushi

  7. Role of the supernatural; “kata” in practiceLegends of Kitano Shrine handscrollIllustrated Legends of the Kitano Shrine (Kitano Tenjin Engi), Kamakura period (1185–1333), 13th century: www.metmuseum.org

  8. Fujiwara and “retired Emperors” • Fujiwara Yorimichi (990-1074), last great Fujiwara regent, founder of Byodoin “Phoenix Hall” temple • Rise of Taira Kiyomori (1118-81) in service to the retired Emperor

  9. Shogunates in Japanese History • Kamakura 1185-1331 • Ashikaga 1333-1587 (1480s Onin War) • “Sengoku” or “Warring States” 16th c. • Oda Nobunaga • Toyotomi Hideyoshi • Tokugawa Ieyasu • Tokugawa 1600-1868

  10. Kamakura: Rise of Warrior government and the “dual polity” Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace, from the Illustrated Scrolls of the Events of the Heiji Era (Heiji monogatari emaki)Japanese, Kamakura period, second half of the 13th centuryJapanHandscroll; ink and color on paperClassification: Paintings
Accession number: 11.4000 Fenollosa-Weld Collection, 1911. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston • Taira Kiyomori and the crisis in Heian control • Minamoto league under Minamoto Yoritomo • “Tale of Heike” and the “Battle of Dan-no-ura”

  11. Heike crab “Natural” selection in the hundreds of years since the Battle of Dan-no-ura!

  12. Yoshitsune and Benkei • Yoshitsune, younger brother of Yoritomo. • Master swordsman • Master strategist • Eliminated by Yoritomo Ushiwaka and BenkeiJapanese, Meiji era, 1871Watanabe Seitei, Japanese, 1852ﾐ1918JapanHanging scroll: ink, color and gold on silkClassification: Paintings
Catalogue: KJM2-Modern-074
Accession number: 11.8561 Kikuchi Yosai, Japanese, 1788–1878 Benkei and Minamoto no Yoshitsune Benkei to Yoshitsune Hanging scroll Japanese Meiji era, 1876 Japan Hanging scroll; ink and light color on silk 136.0 x 56.4 KJM2-Modern-070 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: William Sturgis Bigelow Collection 11.8887

  13. Buddhism • Origins in “India” • Tibetan Buddhism (hindu elements, Tibetan “demon” worship) • Theravada “doctrine of the Elders” (“Hinayana”) • Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia • Hinayana “Greater Vehicle”

  14. Mahayana Buddhism • “absolute” and “relative” truth • Three buddhas • “Historical” Sakyamuni • “Cosmic Buddha” • Bodhisattva--pantheon of Buddhist deities • Amitabha; O-mi-t’o Fu; Amida butsu • Avalokitesvara; Kuanyin; Kannon • Seeking enlightenment…or salvation

  15. Buddhism in Japan • Shingon (True Word) or tantric Buddhism • Tendai Buddhism--source of many sects • Nenbutsu and “Pure Land Buddhism” • “Namu Amida butsu” • Zen (Chinese Ch’an) practice • Nichiren--Japan-centered

  16. Amida Buddhism He never fails To reach the Lotus Land of Bliss Who calls, If only once, The name of Amida. --Kuya

  17. Nichiren Buddhism • Nichiren shonin Writing an Incantation on the Waves*period. Tempo era (1830ﾐ1844)Unmounted; ink on paperImage: 27.7 x 39.2 cm (10 7/8 x 15 7/16 in.)KJM2-Ukiyo-396Museum of Fine Arts, BostonWilliam Sturgis Bigelow Collection11.9363

  18. Zen Buddhism • Sound of one hand clapping? • Warrior patronage • Influence on the arts • Gardens • Tea Ceremony • Sumie ink paintings

  19. Image sources • Where not listed, images are taken from Artstor, mostly from the Huntington Collection • Other sites: • www.metmuseum.org

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