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FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. PREPARED BY:- MURJANI SHIVANGI (13- BEECG-103) REENA GALANI (13-BEECV-117). Basic Laws of Circuits. Ohm’s Law :. Directly proportional means a straight line relationship. v(t). v(t) = Ri(t). R. i(t).

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FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

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  1. FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS PREPARED BY:- MURJANI SHIVANGI (13- BEECG-103) REENA GALANI (13-BEECV-117)

  2. Basic Laws of Circuits Ohm’s Law: Directly proportional means a straight line relationship. v(t) v(t) = Ri(t) R i(t) The resistor is a model and will not produce a straight line for all conditions of operation.

  3. Basic Laws of Circuits Ohm’s Law: The voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current moving through the resistor.

  4. Basic Laws of Circuits Ohm’s Law: About Resistors: The unit of resistance is ohms( ). A mathematical expression for resistance is

  5. Basic Laws of Circuits Ohm’s Law: About Resistors: We remember that resistance has units of ohms. The reciprocal of resistance is conductance. At one time, conductance commonly had units of mhos (resistance spelled backwards). In recent years the units of conductance has been established as seimans (S). Thus, we express the relationship between conductance and resistance as (S) We will see later than when resistors are in parallel, it is convenient to use Equation (2.4) to calculate the equivalent resistance.

  6. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Current Law As a consequence of the Law of the conservation of charge, we have: The sum of the current entering a node (junction point) equal to the sum of the currents leaving. •

  7. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Current Law • The algebraic sum of the currents entering a node equal to zero.

  8. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Current Law • The algebraic sum of the currents leaving a node equal to zero.

  9. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Current Law: Example Find the current I x. Highlight the box then use bring to front to see answer. Ans: IX = 22 A

  10. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: Consideration 1: Sum of the voltage drops around a circuit equal zero. We first define a drop. We assume a circuit of the following configuration. Notice that no current has been assumed for this case, at this point. _ v2 + + + v1 v4 _ _ _ + v3

  11. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: Consider the circuit of Figure once again. If we sum the voltage rises in the clockwise direction around the circuit starting at point “a” we write:  + v1 + v2 - v4 – v3 = 0 rises in the CW direction starting at “a” v2 _ + + + v1 v4 _ _ • “a” _ + v3  + v3 + v4 – v2 – v1 = 0 rises in the CCW direction starting at “a”

  12. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: Application. Circuit for illustrating KVL. Vad + 30 – 15 – 5 = 0 Using drops = 0; Vab = - 10 V Vfc – 12 + 30 – 15 = 0 Vfc = - 3 V

  13. Basic Laws of Circuits Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: Single-loop circuits.

  14. THANK YOU

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