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Name that Organelle!

Name that Organelle!. Outside of cell. Carbohydrate chains. Proteins. Cell membrane. Inside of cell (cytoplasm). Protein channel. Lipid bilayer. ?. double layer of phospholipids and proteins Controls what enters or leaves the cell. ?. Nonliving layer

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Name that Organelle!

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  1. Name that Organelle!

  2. Outside of cell Carbohydrate chains Proteins Cell membrane Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Protein channel Lipid bilayer ? • double layer of phospholipids and proteins • Controls what enters or leaves the cell

  3. ? • Nonlivinglayer • Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria • Made of cellulose in plants.

  4. ? • Supports and protects cell • Found outside of the cell membrane

  5. ? • Jelly-like substance enclosedby cell membrane • Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place

  6. ? • Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs • Found in ALL cells

  7. The Control Organelle - Nucleus • Controls the normal activities of the cell • Contains the DNA in chromosomes • Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores • Usually the largest organelle

  8. More on the Nucleus Nucleus • Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes • Genes control cell characteristics

  9. ? • Double membrane surrounding nucleus • nuclear pores for materials to enter & leave • Connected to the rough ER Nuclear pores

  10. ? The genetic material (DNA) is found

  11. ? • Inside nucleus • Disappearswhen cell divides • Makes ribosomes ?

  12. ? • Helps cell maintain cell shape • Microfilamentsare threadlike & made of ACTIN • Microtubules are tubelike & made of TUBULIN

  13. ? MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS

  14. ? • Found only in animal cells • Paired structures near nucleus • Appear during cell division forming mitotic spindle • Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell

  15. Centrioles & the Mitotic Spindle Made of MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)

  16. ? • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Generate cellular energy (ATP) • Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria • Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose)

  17. MITOCHONDRIA Has its own DNA Folded inner membrane called CRISTAE (increases surface areafor more chemical Reactions) Interior called MATRIX

  18. Interesting Fact --- • Mitochondria Come from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization Therefore … • You inherit your mitochondria from your mother!

  19. ? • Network of hollow membrane tubules • Functions in Synthesis (making)of cell products & Transport

  20. ? • Has ribosomeson its surface • Makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of cell

  21. ? • lacks ribosomes on its surface • Is attached to the ends of rough ER • Makes cell products that are USED In the cell

  22. Functions of the Smooth ER • Makes membrane lipids (steroids) • Regulates calcium (muscle cells) • Destroys toxic substances (Liver)

  23. Endomembrane System Includes nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane (transport)

  24. ? • Made of PROTEINS and rRNA • “Protein factories” for cell • Join amino acids to make proteins • Process called protein synthesis (make) 

  25. ? Can be attached to Rough ER OR Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm

  26. ? • Stacks of flattened sacs • Have a shipping side (cis face) & a receiving side (trans face) • Receive proteins made by ER • Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends CIS TRANS Transport vesicle

  27. ? Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell

  28. Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES

  29. ? • Contain digestive enzymes • Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells

  30. Lysosome Digestion • Cells take in food by phagocytosis • Lysosomesdigest the food & get rid of wastes

  31. ? • Made of protein tubes called microtubules • Function in moving cells, in moving fluids, or in small particles across the cell surface

  32. Cilia & Flagella • Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells • Flagella are longer and fewer (usually 1-3) on cells

  33. Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella

  34. Cilia Moving Away Dust Particles from the Lungs

  35. ? • Fluid filled sacks for storage • Small or absent in animalcells • Plant cells have a large Central Vacuole • No vacuoles in bacterial cells

  36. Contractile Vacuole • Found in unicellular protists like paramecia • Regulate water intake by pumping out excess (homeostasis) • Keeps the cell from lysing (bursting) Contractile vacuole animation

  37. ? • Found only in producers • Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) • Energy from sun stored in the Chemical Bonds of Sugars

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