1 / 14

B. F. Skinner

B. F. Skinner. ED 530 Theorist Presentation Summer Semester 2010 Dr. Richard Clark. Born March 20, 1904 in Susquehanna, PA B.A. from Hamilton College M.S. from Harvard University Ph.D. from Harvard University Died August 18, 1990 of leukemia. Background.

gerodi
Télécharger la présentation

B. F. Skinner

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. B. F. Skinner ED 530 Theorist Presentation Summer Semester 2010 Dr. Richard Clark

  2. Born March 20, 1904 in Susquehanna, PA • B.A. from Hamilton College • M.S. from Harvard University • Ph.D. from Harvard University • Died August 18, 1990 of leukemia Background

  3. An organism is operating in its environment • This organism encounters a reinforcing stimulus • special stimulus has the effect of increasing the operant (behavior occurring just before the reinforcer) Operant Conditioning

  4. The skinner box was designed so that when a rat accidentally pressed a bar, a small food pellet would be released • Soon, the rat would be conditioned to know every time it pressed the bar it would receive a pellet Skinner Box

  5. For the Skinner Box to work, reinforcement had to be present. He dabbled in a few schedules: • Continuous reinforcement (pellet every time) • Fixed ratio schedule (one pellet every 3 times) • Fixed interval schedule (press the bar once during a certain amount of time—20 seconds) • Variable schedules-change the “x” each time—3 pushes then 10 Reinforcement

  6. During WWII, Skinner aided in a top secret project to train pigeons to guide bombs. • He trained pigeons to keep pecking a target that would hold a missile onto a target. • The pigeons pecked reliably, even when falling rapidly and working with warlike noise all around them. Project Pigeon

  7. Project Pigeon was discontinued • Skinner liked working with pigeons best because pigeons behave more rapidly than rats, allowing more rapid discoveries of the effect of new contingencies • Skinner never worked with rats again Project Pigeon

  8. Skinner is also credited for shaping behavior • For the desired behavior, make variations to take you closer to that behavior (plus reinforcements) • Skinner once used shaping to teach pigeons to bowl Shaping

  9. Skinner designed a heated crib that was enclosed with a Plexiglas window • Many people believed this crib to be a Skinner Box for humans The Baby Tender

  10. A book about a community called Walden II • This community was very well planned out including how children would be cared for • The book received much praise as well as condemnation Walden II

  11. "Teachers must learn how to teach ... they need only to be taught more effective ways of teaching.“ • positive reinforcement is more effective at changing and establishing behavior than punishment Skinner in the Classroom

  12. Skinner says that there are five main obstacles to learning: • People have a fear of failure. • The task is not broken down into small enough steps. • There is a lack of directions. • There is also a lack of clarity in the directions. • Positive reinforcement is lacking. Skinner in the Classroom

  13. Skinner suggests that any age-appropriate skill can be taught using five principles to remedy the above problems: • Give the learner immediate feedback. • Break down the task into small steps. • Repeat the directions as many times as possible. • Work from the most simple to the most complex tasks. • Give positive reinforcement. Skinner in the Classroom

  14. B. F. Skinner Foundation – Better Behavioral Science For a More Humane World. Retrieved May 28, 2010 http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/Home.html. • Personality Theories. Retrieved May 30, 2010 http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/skinner.html. • B. F. Skinner (1904–1990) - Behavioral Analysis, Social Service, Educational Reform. Retrieved May 30, 2010 http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2421/Skinner-B-F-1904-1990.html. References

More Related