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Introduction to Heraldry

Introduction to Heraldry. Presented by Yehuda ben Moshe, Elmet Herald April 20, 2012. Which one do you root for?. How do you know?. Identification!. Identification!. Evolution of Heraldry. Early devices were simple, designed for rapid identification of opponents.

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Introduction to Heraldry

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  1. Introduction to Heraldry Presented by Yehuda ben Moshe, Elmet Herald April 20, 2012

  2. Which one do you root for? How do you know?

  3. Identification!

  4. Identification!

  5. Evolution of Heraldry • Early devices were simple, designed for rapid identification of opponents. Images from the Manesse Codex ca 1305

  6. Evolution of Heraldry • As warfare and technology evolved, individual identification became less important • “Heraldic space” was filling up • Heraldry became a perk of the nobility • Devices got more complex

  7. Evolution of Heraldry Images from the Armorial of the Order of the Golden Fleece ca 1560

  8. Evolution of Heraldry - Marshalling • Noble families combined arms to show relationships • Armigerous wives combined their devices with those of their husbands • Children with two armigerous parents used devices combining those of • Three types of marshalling – dimidiation, impalement, quartering

  9. Evolution of Heraldry - Marshalling Dimidiation Impaling Quartering Images from Wikimedia Commons

  10. Evolution of Heraldry - Marshalling

  11. Evolution of Heraldry - Augmentation • Individuals were sometimes granted the right to augment their arms • Usually a sign of royal favor or recognition of some meritorious act Thomas Howard Edward Seymour Images from Wikimedia Commons

  12. Rules of Heraldry - Terminology • Emblazon • The actual drawing of the device • Blazon • A verbal description of the device • Written in a special language derived from Norman French • Follows specific grammar and construction rules

  13. Rules of Heraldry - Terminology • Directions are from the point of view of the person holding the shield Chief Dexter Sinister Base Images from Wikimedia Commons

  14. Rules of Heraldry - Terminology • Field – base “layer” of the device • Lines of division • Charges – anything placed on the field (or on top of other charges) • Tinctures • Colors • Metals

  15. Rules of Heraldry - Tinctures • Colors Gules Azure Sable Vert Purpure • Metals Argent Or

  16. Rules of Heraldry - Tinctures • Rule of tincture – no color on color or metal on metal • Assures good contrast and identifiability Good Contrast Poor Contrast

  17. Rules of Heraldry – Lines of Division • The field can be divided into multiple sections • Field may be divided into 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 or more parts • Adjoining sections aren’t required to have good contrast with each other

  18. Rules of Heraldry – Lines of Division • Divisions into 2 sections Per Fess Per Pale Per Bend Per Bend Sinister

  19. Rules of Heraldry – Lines of Division • Divisions into 2 sections Per Chevron

  20. Rules of Heraldry – Lines of Division • Division into 3 sections Per Chevron

  21. Rules of Heraldry – Lines of Division • Divisions into 4 sections Per Saltire Quarterly

  22. Rules of Heraldry – Ordinaries • Ordinaries are charges • They are usually comprised of simple geometric figures running from side to side or top to bottom of the field • Ordinaries can be classified as central or peripheral

  23. Rules of Heraldry – Ordinaries • Central ordinaries a Pale a Fess a Bend a Bend Sinister Images from Wikimedia Commons

  24. Rules of Heraldry – Ordinaries • Central ordinaries a Cross a Saltire a Chevron Images from Wikimedia Commons

  25. Rules of Heraldry – Ordinaries • Peripheral ordinaries a Chief a Base a Bordure Images from Wikimedia Commons

  26. Rules of Heraldry – Geometrics • Geometric Charges Roundels Annulets Lozenge Mascles Images from Wikimedia Commons

  27. Rules of Heraldry – Geometrics • Geometric Charges Mullets voided Bar Gemel Pile Billets Images from Wikimedia Commons

  28. Rules of Heraldry – Animals • Animals can be drawn in different postures Lion Rampant Lion Statant Guardant Lion Dormant Two Lions Combatant Images from Wikimedia Commons

  29. Rules of Heraldry – Animals • Animals can be drawn in different postures Two Fish Addorsed (Heraldic) Dolphin Naiant Eagle Displayed Hart’s head cabossed Images from Wikimedia Commons

  30. Rules of Heraldry – Charges • Many other charges - plants Tree Fructed Garb (of Wheat) Fleur-de-lys (Heraldic) Rose Images from Wikimedia Commons

  31. Rules of Heraldry – Charges • Many other charges Maunche Excarbuncle Estoile Sun in his splendour Images from Wikimedia Commons

  32. Rules of Heraldry – Complex Lines • Lines of division and lines forming ordinaries shown so far were simple, straight lines • Such lines can also be complex, using various patterns.

  33. Rules of Heraldry – Complex Lines Embattled Indented Wavy Rayonny Images from Wikimedia Commons

  34. Rules of Heraldry – Complex Lines Invected Engrailed Nebuly Urdy Images from Wikimedia Commons

  35. Rules of Heraldry – Blazon • Blazon utilizes a specific grammar structure • Items generally follow the pattern “number, name, posture, tincture”, with tincture always the last • We usually blazon from lowest to highest level, from center out, from chief to base, from dexter to sinister

  36. Rules of Heraldry – Blazon • Gules, in pale three lions passant guardant Or • Arms of England

  37. Rules of Heraldry – Blazon • Azure, three fleurs-de-lys Or • Arms of France

  38. Rules of Heraldry – Blazon • Azure, three fleurs-de-lys Or within a bordure engrailed Gules • Arms of the duc de Berry

  39. Rules of Heraldry – Blazon • Azure, on a bend gules between two mermaids argent, three fleurs-de-lys Or • Arms of the Chefe Ornelas (Portugal)

  40. Rules of Heraldry – Blazon • Or, five mullets of eight points, two, one, and two gules, within a bordure azure • Arms of the Chefe Barbedo (Portugal)

  41. SCA Practice • SCA heraldry is based largely on Anglo-Norman tradition • Evolved over the years towards greater authenticity • The SCA College of Heralds registers devices and names

  42. SCA Practice • Within the SCA, the tradition is that each of us earns our own noble title • Therefore, the SCA does not registered marshalled arms • Display of two individually registered arms marshalled together is perfectly fine

  43. Resources • http://heraldry.sca.org/ - the main page of the SCA College of Arms • http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/armory_articles.html - articles on various aspects of period and SCA heraldry • http://www.eastkingdom.org/heraldry/ - East Kingdom College of Heralds • http://ech.eastkingdom.org/ - East Kingdom submission information

  44. Resources • https://lists.andrew.cmu.edu/mailman/listinfo/sca-hrlds - SCA-HRLDS mailing list • ekheralds-subscribe@eastkingdom.org – East Kingdom heraldry mailing list, send blank email to subscribe • EKHerEd-subscribe@yahoogroups.com – East Kingdom heraldry education mailing list, send blank email to subscribe

  45. Resources • Elmet Herald – I am the East Kingdom heraldic education deputy • elmet@eastkingdom.org

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