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Astronomy 101: Solar System Exploration Course

Join Prof. Tom Burbine and journey through our Solar System. Learn about planets, stars, eclipses, and more in this engaging online course.

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Astronomy 101: Solar System Exploration Course

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  1. Astronomy 101The Solar SystemTuesday, ThursdayTom Burbinetomburbine@astro.umass.edu

  2. Course • Course Website: • http://blogs.umass.edu/astron101-tburbine/ • Textbook: • Pathways to Astronomy (2nd Edition) by Stephen Schneider and Thomas Arny. • You also will need a calculator.

  3. HW #3 • On Spark under Assessments: • Due Date: February 2, 2010 1:00 PM

  4. Metric System • 1 kilometer = 1,000 meters • 1 meter = 100 centimeters • 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters

  5. Scientific Notation • 10000 = 104 • 100000000 = 108 • 10000000000 = 1010 • 100000000000000000000 = 1020 • 0.001 = 10-3 • 0.0000001 = 10-7

  6. How do you write numbers? • 31700000 = 3.17 x 107 • 2770000 = 2.77 x 106 • 0.00056 = 5.6 x 10-4 • 0.0000078 = 7.8 x 10-6

  7. How do you do multiply? • 106 x 108 = 10(6+8) = 1014 • 10-5 x 103 = 10(-5+3) = 10-2 • (3 x 104 ) x (4 x 105) = 12 x 10(4+5) = 12 x 109 = 1.2 x 1010

  8. How do you divide? • 108/106 = 10(8-6) = 102 • 10-6/10-4 = 10(-6-(-4)) = 10-2 • (3 x 108)/(4 x 103) = ¾ x 10(8-3) = 0.75 x 105 = 7.5 x 104

  9. How many stars in the Universe • Say there are 100 billion galaxies • Each galaxy has 100 billion stars • So how many stars in the universe

  10. Answer • Number of stars in universe • = (100 x 109) x (100 x 109) = 10000 x 1018 = 1 x 1022 = 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 • This is about the same number of grains of sand in every beach in the world

  11. Questions: • How many of these 1022 stars have planets? • How many of these planets have life?

  12. My - Mercury • Very - Venus • Eager - Earth • Mother - Mars • Just - Jupiter • Served - Saturn • Us -Uranus • Nine -Neptune • Pizzas - Pluto

  13. Does anyone play basketball?

  14. Assume • That the sun is the same size as a basketball • Basketball diameter = 24.4 cm • Sun Diameter = 1.4 x 109 m = 1.4 x 1011 cm • Scale Factor = 1.74 x 10-10 • Multiply scale factor by actual diameters of planets to get their approximate size

  15. Mercury • Diameter = 4.88 x 106 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 8.5 x 10-4 m = 0.85 mm

  16. Venus • Diameter = 1.21 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.1 x 10-3 m = 2.1 mm

  17. Earth • Diameter = 1.28 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.2 x 10-3 m = 2.2 mm

  18. Mars • Diameter = 6.80 x 106 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 1.2 x 10-3 m = 1.2 mm

  19. Jupiter • Diameter = 1.43 x 108 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.5 x 10-2 m = 25 mm = 2.5 cm

  20. Saturn • Diameter = 1.21 x 108 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 2.1 x 10-2 m = 21 mm = 2.1 cm

  21. Uranus • Diameter = 5.18 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 9.0 x 10-3 m = 9 mm

  22. Neptune • Diameter = 4.95 x 107 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 8.5 x 10-3 m = 8.5 mm

  23. Pluto • Diameter = 2.30 x 106 m • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Diameter = 4.0 x 10-4 m = 0.4 mm

  24. What if we want to use the same scale factor to make a model of the solar system? • What’s the problem?

  25. How far away is Pluto? • Pluto is 5.9 x 1012 m from Sun on average • Multiply by scale factor (1.74 x 10-10) • Relative Distance from Sun = 1027 m = 1.027 km

  26. Seasons • http://www.learner.org/resources/series28.html

  27. Phases of the Moon-29.53 day cycle

  28. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar-Phase-Diagram.png

  29. Eclipses Moon is tilted at an angle of 5 degrees to Earth’s orbit

  30. http://astronomyonline.org/SolarSystem/LunarEclipse.asp

  31. Color of lunar eclipse • The Moon does not completely disappear because of the refraction of sunlight by the Earth’s atmosphere • If the Earth had no atmosphere, the Moon would be completely dark during an eclipse. • The red color arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is scattered. • Shorter wavelengths are more likely to be scattered by the small particles. By the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light reflected from the Moon we perceive as red.

  32. Solar eclipse

  33. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Solar_eclips_1999_4_NR.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Solar_eclips_1999_4_NR.jpg • Solar eclipses occur approximately every 18 months • However, they recur (on average) at any given place only once every 370 years • Moon's umbra moves eastward at over 1,700 km/hr • Every year, there are at least two lunar eclipses. • Can be viewed anywhere on the night side of the Earth http://home.cogeco.ca/~astrosarnia/Photos/Lunar%20eclipse%20binocular.jpg

  34. Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009 • Lasted a maximum of 6 minutes and 39 seconds off the coast of Southeast Asia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Solar_eclipse_animate_%282009-Jul-22%29.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_eclipse_22_July_2009_taken_by_Lutfar_Rahman_Nirjhar_from_Bangladesh.jpg

  35. Any Questions?

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