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Classes of Nouns. Common and Proper Nouns. Common nouns refer to general people, places, things, and ideas. These are not capitalized unless they are they first word in a sentence. Example: coffee shop. Proper nouns refer to specific people, places, things, and ideas.
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Common and Proper Nouns • Common nouns refer to general people, places, things, and ideas. • These are not capitalized unless they are they first word in a sentence. • Example: coffee shop • Proper nouns refer to specific people, places, things, and ideas. • These are always capitalized. • Example: Starbucks
Possessives versus Contractions • A possessive noun shows ownership. An apostrophe (‘) is needed to show possession. • Example: The school newspaper published Mike’s short story. • Contractions, on the other hand, are made by combining words into one. An apostrophe (‘) is needed. • Mike’s going to present his story to a local publishing company.
Concrete and Abstract Nouns • Concrete nouns are nouns that can be seen and/or touched. • Example: student, pencil, desk… • Abstract nouns, on the other hand, are nouns that name ideas, qualities, or feelings that cannot be seen or touched. • Example: intelligence, bravery, time, culture…
Appositives • An appositive is a noun placed next to another noun to identify or add information to it. • Example: The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table. • Similarly, an appositive phrase, is a group of words that contains an appositive and serves the same purpose as an appositive. • Example: During the dinner conversation, Clifford, the messiest eater at the table, spewed mashed potatoes like an erupting volcano.
Collective Nouns • Collective nouns name a group of individuals. • Example: class, team, jury… • Collective nouns can be either singular or plural; therefore, you have make sure the collective noun and verb show agreement (singular/singular, plural/plural).
Collective Nouns continued… • A singular collective noun refers to the group of individuals as a whole, a SINGLE unit. Example: The baseball teamplays its first game of the season tonight. • A plural collective noun refers to the individual members of the group. Example: After the intermission, the audience straggle to their seats. (They all have individual seats as shown by the plural pronoun their.)
Show What You Know! Instructions: Read the following sentences and identify the noun that fits the given class. • Mrs. Baker, my neighbor, makes the best pound cake. (appositive) • The jury made its decision quickly. (collective, abstract) • What is on today’s menu? (possessive, concrete) • We are taking a trip to Montana this summer. (Proper) • The boy’s going to be disappointed when he realizes that his basketball rolled into the street. (contraction)
Answers! • Mrs. Baker, my neighbor, makes the best pound cake. (appositive) • The jury made its decision quickly. (collective, abstract) • What is on today’smenu? (possessive, concrete) • We are taking a trip to Montana this summer. (Proper) • The boy’s going to be disappointed when he realizes that his basketball rolled into the street. (contraction)