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The Great Exhibition

The Great Exhibition. Activity post-its and questions. significance. Why ? When ? Who? consequences? Victorian confidence, communications and technology post industrial revolution Think- by end of session how does it compare to the millennium dome and exhibition?. The Great Exhibition.

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The Great Exhibition

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  1. The Great Exhibition Activity post-its and questions

  2. significance • Why ? When ? Who? consequences? • Victorian confidence, communications and technology post industrial revolution Think- by end of session how does it compare to the millennium dome and exhibition?

  3. The Great Exhibition • Engineering • Manufacturing • Trade ( free ) • Empire • Transport • Communications • International patriotic • Confidence • Themes-

  4. 1851 • Submarine telegraph cable Dover-Calais • Public libraries Act passed • Moby Dick, Cranford • W.H.Smith railway bookstalls • Mrs Bloomer tours to promote her pantaloons • Gold discovered in Australia

  5. Great Exhibition context • Confidence- stability at home • World power • Communications • Inventions inquiry • new wealth • Colonies resources/unrest • 1848 Europe Year of Revolutions eg Marx • Prince Albert character and interests • Political will, pro competition free trade

  6. Henry Cole • Previous exhibitions of commerce Society of arts inspired • Designer of Minton china • Mission to give industry and engineering status • Worked on penny post with Rowland Hill in 1838 • Had met Albert through post work - royal patron and committee

  7. The Committee 1850 • Richard Cobden pro free trade • Robert Peel • Lord John Russell pm • Charles Lyell- geologist • Mr Gladstone • Richard Westmancott sculptor • Thomas Cubit- architect

  8. Joseph Paxton • Chatsworth glass house • Competition 220 + entries • Meets Cole sketches on envelope • At least 4 million visitors • Cast iron and glass portable • Thousands of exhibits • Public lavatories – 1 penny • Activity ‘Show and tell’ your exhibit from the catalogue or eyewitness account- what activities involving children are suggested discuss

  9. Industries and Captains of industry • The background to the exhibition

  10. Allegory of steam • What is an allegory? • What is the meaning of this picture? • Discuss…

  11. industry • Cotton and other textiles • Machines- steam driven • Coal powered • Iron • Cheap labour • Transport and communications • Captains of industry- capitalists • Engineers

  12. Cotton • Cheap import of raw cotton (slave labour ) • Liverpool-Manchester focus • Development of factories work centralised • Enabled by machinery – Compton's mule • Spinning Jenny • Hardship of handloom workers • Women and children employed

  13. Working in textiles • 2.75 million work in textiles in1851 • 10% total population • 21.4% of occupied population • 10-15% of these under 15 • 1855 cotton makes up 26.2% national income • Woollens 20% ( Deane and Cole 1969 British Economic Growth) • http://www.bbc.uk/history/trail/victorian_britain ( industrial rev quiz)

  14. Transport • Roads, Canals, Bridges, lighthouses • Railways • Early railways-wooden rails, horse power • Steam locomotives huge expansion • Liverpool Manchester railway competition • 1830 375 miles of track • 1840 2400 miles London , Birmingham,

  15. Railway- for and against- activity • Read documents • No peeping at the summary until given the signal please • One person focus on for arguments the other on against • Then check with summaries • Share a point for your side of the debate

  16. Grace Darling linking themes

  17. Railway expansion • George Hudson the railway king • 1845 he controlled a third of system • Paid dividends on existing lines by raising capital for new projects • 1848 railway mania faltered Hudson exposed and flees the country • 8000 miles of track Aberdeen to Plymouth • Navvy power –quarter million

  18. Activity • Picture activity • Chose a picture and annotate it with speech bubbles with appropriate remarks re transport /class etc/ • Railway engine development timeline • What does this tell you?

  19. Captains of Industry • Carlyle's label • George, Robert Stevenson Rocket • Lighthouse Stevenson's • Isambard Kingdom Brunel • Joseph Locke • Can be researched in Dictionary of National Biography

  20. http://www.oxforddnb.com

  21. Themes for school context • Transport themes change over time • Causes . Change and continuity • General or specific e.g. canals, the Rocket. • Local interest e.g. Eastleigh • Famous people- lighthouses Grace Darling • Drama debates pros and cons • Literature Dickens and other reporters • Shopping, money, wages • Work conditions opinions

  22. And finally … • How does the Great Exhibition of 1851 compare with the Millennium Dome ? • What were consequences ? • Have you heard of the 1951 Festival of Britain ? How does this compare?

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