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Chapter 1 The Basics of Biology

Chapter 1 The Basics of Biology. What causes it to rain?. What causes lightning?. What causes a tornado?. 1-1 What is Science?. An organized approach to figuring out why something happens Make an observation Gathering data Experiment

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Chapter 1 The Basics of Biology

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  1. Chapter 1The Basics of Biology

  2. What causes it to rain?

  3. What causes lightning?

  4. What causes a tornado?

  5. 1-1 What is Science? • An organized approach to figuring out why something happens • Make an observation • Gathering data • Experiment • Involves inference – a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

  6. The Bean • “No! The bean is not alive”. • “Yes, the bean is alive when you put it in soil”. • “Yes. The bean is alive in the bag”.

  7. 1-3 Studying Life • If Biology is the study of living things… how do we know what is living & what isn't?????

  8. Characteristics of Living Things • Respond to their environment • Made up of units called cells • Obtain & Use Energy • Grow & Develop • Reproduce • Based on a universal genetic code = DNA • Taken as a group, change over time • Maintain a stable internal environment

  9. Respond to their environment • Stimulus – an outside signal

  10. Made up of units called cells • Cell = small self-contained unit • Barrier separates it from surroundings • Unicellular – organism made up of only one cell • Ex: Bacteria, protists • Multicellular – organism made up of two or more cells • Ex: Fungi, plants, animals, etc.

  11. Obtain & Use Energy • Metabolism = combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

  12. Grow & Develop • Grow = to increase in size • Develop = change in appearance along with growth • “maturation” • EX: Butterflies begin life as eggs, then become caterpillars, a pupa, and finally emerge as adult butterflies.

  13. Reproduce • Reproduce = produce new organisms of the same type • Asexual Reproduction • Single organism can reproduce without aid of another • Ex: budding (hydra) • Ex: binary fission (bacteria) • Sexual Reproduction • Two cells from DIFFERENT individuals unite to produce new organism • Ex: humans, plants

  14. Based on a universal genetic code • Offspring will resemble their parents. • Ex: Flies produce flies, dogs produce dogs, and seeds from maple trees produce maple trees. • The genetic code, with a few minor variations, determines the inherited traits of every organism on Earth • Genetic Code = DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid

  15. Taken as a group, change over time • Evolution = group of organisms changing over generations • Ex: Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert.

  16. Maintain a stable internal environment • Homeostasis – a living thing’s ability to maintain constant conditions necessary for life • Body temperature: you sweat when you’re too hot, shiver when you’re too cold • Blood pH

  17. 1-4 Tools and Procedures • How scientists work… • Lab safety • Metric system

  18. Metric System • Universal system of measurement for science • Length? • meter • Volume? • liter (liquid) • cubic centimeter (solid) • Mass? • gram • Temperature? • Celsius scale • Kelvin

  19. Kilo Hecto Deka BASE Deci Centi Milli • Base Units for the Metric System: • Liters = volume • Meters = distance • Grams = mass

  20. Convert the following using the staircase • 54.11 deciliters = liters • 47 hectometers = decimeters • 2293 dekagrams = decigrams • 4731 liters = hectoliters • 5912 kilograms = grams • 0.01 grams = milligrams • 0.0108 centimeters = meters • 3851 milliliters = dekaliters

  21. Homework • 56 hectometers = decimeters • 94.66 deciliters = liters • 1183 dekagrams = decigrams • 5842 liters = hectoliters • 6833 kilograms = grams • 0.0023 centimeters = meters • 4967 milliliters = dekaliters • 0.07 grams = milligrams

  22. Microscopes • Compound Light Microscope • 2-dimensional • Can see LIVING things. • High magnification • Able to see cells • Low resolution • Only magnify 1000 times.

  23. What is magnification? • Magnification is the enlargement in size of an image.

  24. What is resolution? • Resolution is the clarity of an image, or the level of detail in the image.

  25. The Parts of the microscope

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