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GERUND

GERUND. What is a gerund?. Definition: A gerund is a verbal that ends in – ing and functions in a sentence as a noun. smok ing writ ing swimm ing stay ing. FORMS OF GERUND. verb + ing. HOW TO USE GERUND.

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GERUND

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  1. GERUND

  2. What is a gerund? • Definition: A gerund is a verbal that ends in –ing and functions in a sentence as a noun. smoking writing swimming staying

  3. FORMS OF GERUND verb + ing

  4. HOW TO USE GERUND A gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinary would, for example: • Subject • Direct object • Subject complement • Object of preposition.

  5. 1) Gerund as subject Travelling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. 2) Gerund as direct object They do not appreciate my singing. 3) Gerund as subject complement My cat’s favourite activity is speeping.

  6. 4) Gerund as object of preposition The police arrested him for speeding. 5) Gerund after verb patterns admit ,avoid, carry on, consider, delay deny, dislike, can’t help, enjoy, finish give up, imagine, include, involve justify, keep, mention, mind, practise…

  7. 6) Gerund after special phrases to be busy, couldn’t help, don’t mind feel like, how ahout, it is no good it is no use, spend on time, there is no there is no point, what about, worth….. There is no point complaining further.

  8. 7) Gerund after preposition After having a shower, I waited for Palin. 8) Gerund in passive • We often use a gerund after the verbs: need, require,and want. In this case,the gerund has a passive sence: I have three shirts that need washing.

  9. GERUND PHRASE GERUNDPHRASE

  10. What is a gerund phrase? • Definition: A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifiers and or pronoun, noun phrase that functions as the direct object, indirectobject, or complement of the action or state expressed in the gerund.

  11. FORMS OF GERUND PHRASE • Gerund+ direct object • Gerund+ direct object + pre- phrase • Gerund+ direct obj + to in-phrase(adv)

  12. HOW TO USE GERUND PHRASE • Subject • Direct object • Subject complement • Object of preposition ( for)

  13. Examples • Finding a good teacher needs time. • I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity. • Obama’s strategy has been lying to his supporters. • You might get in trouble for taking an illness to avoid work.

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