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Female Reproduction

This overview highlights the key organs of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external organs (vulva), and mammary glands. The ovaries produce hormones and gametes, while the uterine tubes are essential for egg transportation and fertilization. The uterus serves as the site for embryo implantation and fetal development, and the vagina acts as a passage for childbirth. Understanding these organs provides insight into female reproductive health, potential medical conditions, and their roles in reproduction.

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Female Reproduction

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  1. Female Reproduction Ch. 28-2

  2. Organs of the Female • Ovaries – produce egg and hormones • Uterine (fallopian) tubes or oviducts – transport egg to uterus, site of fetilization • Uterus – site of implantation of fertilized egg, development of fetus, labor • Vagina – receives penis, passageway for childbirth • External organs (vulva) • Mammary glands – synthesize, secrete, and eject milk for newborn

  3. Organs

  4. WORD BANK Cervix Fallopian Tubes Vagina Ovary Uterus

  5. Organs • Ovaries • Paired glands, almond sized • Produce • Gametes (egg cells) • Hormones (progesterone and estrogen, inhibin, relaxin) • Uterine tubes (fallopian) or oviduct • Extend away from uterus • Provide route for sperm to reach ovum • Transports eggs and fertilized eggs to the uterus from the ovary • Have cilia at the ends to “coax” egg from ovary • Fertilization occurs here • Up to _____hours after ovulation – sperm can survive for days • Egg enters uterus 6-7 days after ovulation

  6. Organs • Uterus (womb) • pear-shaped • Pathway for sperm deposition into vagina to reach fallopian tubes • Site of implantation for fertilized egg • Growth of fetus during pregnancy • Labor • Source of menstrual flow

  7. Organs • Uterus • Fundus • Body • Cervix

  8. Organs • Cervical mucus • Water, glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes, salts • More hospitable to sperm during ovulation • Helps protect sperm on passage to uterus • Vagina • Fibromuscular canal • Receptacle for penis • Outlet for menstrual flow • Passageway for childbirth

  9. Organs • Vulva - External genitals of female • Mons pubis – adipose tissue, skin, hair • Labia majora – two folds, covered by pubic hair • Labia minora – two folds, underneath labia majora, no hair • Clitoris, glans – erectile tissue and nerves, sexual excitement in females

  10. Female External

  11. Organs • Mammary glands • Breast • Nipple – where milk emerges • Areola – darkened area around nipple • Mammary gland – modified sweat glands

  12. Disease/Medical • Ovarian cysts • Fluid-filled sac in or on ovary • Usually noncancerous, can go away on their own • Uterine prolapse • When uterus is outside the vagina • Occurs with age, disease, traumatic vaginal delivery, difficult bowel movements, coughing • Can be put back with surgery

  13. Disease/Medical • Hysterectomy • Removal of uterus • Episiotomy • Fetus stretches perenial region • Performed to prevent tearing • Straight, tearing is jagged

  14. Oogenesis

  15. Male/Female Homologous Structures

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