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The Evolution of Public School Reform in Early America

This overview discusses the significant shifts in the American education system before and after the 1800s. Initially marked by a lack of educational policies and an emphasis on private schooling, the need for tax-supported public schools began to emerge, notably in states like Pennsylvania. Key contributors such as Horace Mann advocated for public education, higher teacher pay, and improved school infrastructure. By 1850, every state had established some form of public education. This transformation illustrates the growing recognition of education as a foundational element of society.

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The Evolution of Public School Reform in Early America

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  1. School reform Nick Cefali, Mike Najarian, and Lucia Garabo

  2. Before the 1800’s • No educational policy • No attendance law • Mostly private schools • Massachusetts and Vermont: only states to pass attendance laws • Most kids only went until age 10 • Classrooms not divided by grade

  3. School reform begins • Increasing demand for tax-supported public schools • Pennsylvania established tax-supported public school system • -Reactions from the people: • -didn’t want to support public schools (children went to mainly private ones) • -German immigrants feared their children would forget the language and culture • Within 3 years, 42% of children in Pennsylvania were attending public schools

  4. Horace manN • First secretary for the Board of Education of Massachusetts • Held teachers conventions • Made speeches and lectures • Planned and introduced school systems in 2 cities • Founded and edited The Common School Journal • Worked for better school houses, longer school years, higher pay for teachers, and a wider curriculum • Got tax doubled towards schools

  5. Schools • 1850: Every state had some form of public school system or education system One room schoolhouse before the reform Schoolhouse after the reform

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