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School Calendar Reform

School Calendar Reform. By Chris Taylor Arkansas State University christopher.taylor@smail.astate.edu. School Calendar Reform. Year Round Schooling History? Traditional vs. Year Round? Methods of Implementation? Is it effective?. The Issues. School Calendar History.

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School Calendar Reform

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  1. School Calendar Reform By Chris Taylor Arkansas State University christopher.taylor@smail.astate.edu

  2. School Calendar Reform • Year Round Schooling • History? • Traditional vs. Year Round? • Methods of Implementation? • Is it effective?

  3. The Issues

  4. School Calendar History • Traditional Calendar • Originated during Colonial times • School Year influenced by growing season • Rural students • 3 to 6 months of school • Urban students • 11 to 12 months of school

  5. School Calendar History, cont. • Early 20th Century • Industrialization & Urbanization • Families move to cities • Public demand for standardized school year • Post World War II • 180 day school year – unofficial standard

  6. School Calendar History, cont. • Year Round Calendar • 1870s summer “Vacation Schools” • 1907 – William Wirt • Superintendent of Gary, Indiana schools • 50 weeks, 12 hours per day, 7 days per week • Other districts followed • Little Research During Depression & WW II

  7. School Calendar History, cont. • National Council On Year Round Education • Founded 1972 • Voluntary organization • Classroom space • 21st Century • NCYRE becomes official non-profit organization • Economic value

  8. Types of Year Round Schools Single Track Multi-Track Maximizes Space Maximizes Resources Alternating Student Blocks Lower student numbers on campus • Most Common • Reduces Summer Learning Loss • 45/15 • Students and Faculty on same schedule

  9. Types of Year Round Schools, cont. Extended Year • Least common method • Adds days to existing year • 200 day year • Days added during summer

  10. Vacation • Intersession • Key feature in all formats • Regularly scheduled breaks from instruction • Reduces student and teacher burnout • Can be coordinated with community for student enrichment opportunities

  11. Is it Effective? • Improvement in student achievement • Small increases • Low socio-economic students show improvement • Students with high educational background parents favor traditional calendar.

  12. Conclusion • No cure all method • Research scattered • More research needed • Benefits may not outweigh difficulty of implementation

  13. References Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Olson, L. (2007). Lasting Consequences of the Summer Learning Gap. American Sociological Review, 72(2), 167-180. Ballinger, C. E., & Kneese, C. (2006). School Calendar Reform: Learning in All Seasons. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Education. Glines, D. (1997). YRE: Understanding the Basics. McMillen, B. J. (2001). A Statewide Evaluation of Academic Achievement in Year-Round Schools. Journal Of Educational Research, 95(2), 67. Mitchell-Hoefer, M. D. (2010, January 1). The Effects of a Year- Round School Calendar in a High-Risk Elementary School: A Comparative Study. ProQuest LLC.

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