The Kings from William I to the Tudors

1. The Kings from William I to the Tudors The Plantagenets to the Tudors

2. William I • William the Conqueror • Also known as William of Normandy • Succeeded by his son, William II

3. Henry I • Fourth son of Wm. I • First Crusades • Named daughter Matilda successor

4. King Stephen • Civil War in England • Power struggle with his cousin Empress Matilda • Both were grand- children of William I

5. Henry II • King responsible for murder of Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury—Remember Chaucer?) • Matilda his mother

6. Richard I • Richard, the Lion-Hearted • Third Crusades

7. King John-Magna Carta King • Fifth & favorite son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine • Tried to overthrow brother Richard I • Later cast as villain in Robin Hood legends

8. Henry III • Only son of John • Crowned at 9 years of age • Forced to honor Magna Carta

9. Edward I • Sixteen children first wife; three with second wife • Conquered Wales • Tried to conquer Scotland; executed William Wallace (Braveheart)

10. Edward II • Deposed by wife and French supporters • Forced to abdicate in favor of 14 year old son • Died under mysterious circumstances (believed to be murder)

11. Edward III • Ruled 50 years • Hundred Years War with France • Black Death (bubonic plague) • Grandfather of Richard II

12. Richard II • Black Death wiped out half the population • Succession issues: no direct heirs • Real start of War of the Roses

13. Henry IV-The Lancasters • Cousin of Richard II, grandson of Edward III • Welsh rebellion • Uneasy relations between Henry and son

14. Henry V • Warrior king-fought in battles himself • Crushed conspiracy to put cousin Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, on throne • Regained French territory (Battle of Agincourt)

15. Henry VI • Became king at 9 months • More scholar than king • Forgave enemies (his downfall) • Mental problems (mad French grandfather-thought he was made of glass)

16. Henry VI (continued) • Defeated by Yorkists at Towton (Edward IV) • Reinstated 9 years later • Edward IV invaded and returned to power • Henry murdered • Only son died 1471, Battle of Tewkesbury

17. Henry VI (continued) • Last Lancaster ruler • War of the Roses (Lancasters-red rose vs. Yorks-white rose) • War will continue for three more reigns

18. Edward IV-The Yorks • Crowned during Henry VI reign, took over again at the end • Married commoner, Elizabeth Woodville • Two sons, Edward (V) and Richard

19. Edward V & Richard—The Princes in the Tower • Eldest son of Edward IV • Crowned king at 12 • Uncle Richard protector • Taken to Tower of London • Brother Richard joined him there

20. The Princes in the Tower • Edward never coronated • Uncle Richard had princes declared illegitimate (not able to inherit) • Uncle Richard now king • Princes never seen again! • Skeletons of two children found under staircase in 1674

21. Richard III • Lord Protector of Realm for Edward V • Placed princes in Tower • Had princes declared illegitimate, making himself king • Lord Buckingham invited Henry Tudor (husband of R.’s niece) to invade

22. Richard III (continued) • No surviving children • Died Battle of Bosworth Field • Villified by Shakespeare • Last Plantagenet king

23. The Tudors Begin! • Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field • Royal blood—His mother great-grandaughter of Henry IV’s half-brother (Lancaster side) • Married Elizabeth of York to unite the Lancasters and Yorks and end the War of the Roses

24. Henry VII—The First Tudor • Claim to throne shaky • Arranged marriage of eldest son Arthur to Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon • Arthur died before Henry, so second son, Henry, became king (Henry VIII)