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Nicotine and Caffeine Chapter 12

Nicotine and Caffeine Chapter 12. Leaves of the Nicotiana tabacum plant. Nicotine. History. Nicotine. Routes of Administration Inhalation Chewing Snorting Transdermal. Nicotine. Metabolism of Nicotine liver converts nicotine into metabolites cotinine half life: 2 hrs

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Nicotine and Caffeine Chapter 12

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  1. Nicotine and Caffeine Chapter 12

  2. Leaves of the Nicotiana tabacum plant Nicotine History

  3. Nicotine Routes of Administration Inhalation Chewing Snorting Transdermal

  4. Nicotine • Metabolism of Nicotine • liver converts nicotine into metabolites • cotinine • half life: 2 hrs • acute tolerance

  5. Nicotine Site of action for nicotine • Nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChR) • Basic functions of different receptors: • Open Na+ channels  increase firing potential • Allows Ca2+ into cell  2nd messengers • Enhances NT release (presynaptic)

  6. Nicotine Site of action for nicotine • Nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChR) • Locations of receptors • Neuromuscular junction at muscles • PNS • CNS • Postsynaptic • Presynaptic membranes of other NT neurons

  7. Changes in cognitive functionNicotine-induced reduction of reaction time in a rapid visual information processing task Nicotine

  8. Nicotine Activation of mesolimbic dopamine system Time

  9. Nicotine Activation of mesolimbic dopamine systemNicotine self-administration in rats first exposed to the drug during adolescence vs. adulthood

  10. Nicotine Changes in mood • Smokers • Non-smokers

  11. Nicotine Factors other than NicotineWhole-body PET scans illustrating reduced MAO-B activity

  12. Nicotine Tolerance - acute - chronic Withdrawal symptoms • Decrease heart rate and blood pressure • Irritability • Hunger • Sleep disturbances • GI complaints • Headache • Impairment of concentration

  13. Nicotine Effects of smoking on general health Increased risk for: • Cancer • Cardiovascular disease • Emphysema • Chronic bronchitis • Decreased birth weight in infants for mothers who smoked

  14. Nicotine Why do people smoke? • Nicotine resource model • Deprivation reversal model • Positive reinforcement (DA reward system) • Substances other than nicotine • Genetic factors?

  15. Nicotine Treatment of nicotine dependence

  16. http://scienceblogs.com/retrospectacle/upload/2007/04/caffeine.jpghttp://scienceblogs.com/retrospectacle/upload/2007/04/caffeine.jpg http://www.caffeinemedia.com.au/images/Caffeine-Holding-Page_03.jpg

  17. Caffeine

  18. Caffeine Absorption and Metabolism

  19. Caffeine Mechanism of action • Adenosine antagonist

  20. Caffeine Withdrawal and ToleranceTime course of caffeine withdrawal in regular users (Part 1)

  21. Caffeine Withdrawal and ToleranceTime course of caffeine withdrawal in regular users (Part 2)

  22. Caffeine Withdrawal and ToleranceTime course of caffeine withdrawal in regular users (Part 4)

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