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Introduction to Film

Introduction to Film. Cinematography. Cinematography. Cinematography: "writing in movement” Everything that has to do with cameras and lenses, with film/film stock (and its digital equivalents), exposure and processing of film/digital images. Cinematography. Mise -en-scene. Cinematography.

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Introduction to Film

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  1. Introduction to Film Cinematography

  2. Cinematography • Cinematography: "writing in movement” • Everything that has to do with cameras and lenses, with film/film stock (and its digital equivalents), exposure and processing of film/digital images.

  3. Cinematography Mise-en-scene Cinematography How it is filmed Framing Aspect Ratio Film Stock Camera Elements Camera Angle Camera Movement Camera Position Camera Lens Exposure • What is filmed • Set Design • Color • Lighting • Actor’s Performances • Diegetic Sound

  4. Cinematography Other Issues • Digital Cinematography • Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) has brought changes in Cinematography, which was traditionally based on chemical/photographic images and effects. • Visual Special Effects • Often done in post-production (esp. digital effects). • Lighting • Since it is part of “what is filmed,” it is often seen as part of a film’s mise-en-scene. However, the cinematographer has significant input into lighting decisions. • Framing • As with lighting, framing involves the director and cinematographer.

  5. Framing • Angle, level, and distance of framing each shot • Offscreen space versus onsceen space

  6. Framing Extreme Wide Shot Very Wide Shot

  7. Framing Wide Shot Mid Shot

  8. Framing Medium Close Up Close Up

  9. Framing Extreme Close Up Cut-In

  10. Camera Angle • The angle between the camera and the subject.

  11. Straight-on (Eye-level) angle

  12. High-angle

  13. Low-angle

  14. Low-angle

  15. Bird’s Eye

  16. Point of View

  17. The Lady in the Lake1947 Detective film Shot entirely from main character's point of view

  18. Slanted or Canted angle (Dutch tilt)

  19. Slanted or Canted angle (Dutch tilt)

  20. Slanted or Canted angle (Dutch tilt)

  21. Height of Camera Tokyo Story (1953)YasujiroOzu

  22. Aspect Ratio • Ratio of screen width to height • Classical Hollywood ratio (1.33:1) • Widescreen ratios (1.85:1, 2.35:1) • Video conversion • Pan-and-scan • Letterbox

  23. Aspect Ratio Rules of the Game, Jean Renoir, 1939 1.33:1 (4 to 3) Aliens, James Cameron, 1986 1.85:1 Rebel Without A Cause, Nicholas Ray, 1955 2.35:1 (Cinemascope)

  24. Aspect Ratio • Converting from film to TV. 2.2 to 1 Pan & Scan; 1.33 to 1

  25. Film Stock • Selection enables cinematographer to control: • Color reproduction • Light sensitivity • Contrast levels • Sharpness • Grain and resolution

  26. Singin’ in the RainTechnicolor Film Stock

  27. Film Stock • Other Types • Kodachrome • Kinemacolor • Cinecolor • 35mm • 70mm • IMAX • Film stock deteriorates over time

  28. Camera Lens • Focal Length • The distance from the center of the lens to the point at which the light rays meet in sharp focus. • This length determines perspective relations and depth cues on the flat screen surface.

  29. Normal lens: 35-50mm

  30. Camera Lens • Wide Angle • Short focal length (35 mm or less) which produces a wider angle of view • Effect: distorting straight lines, exaggerating depth

  31. Camera Lens • Telephoto Lens • Lens with a long focal length (75mm or more). • Effect: collapse depth cues by enlarging distant planes and making them seem close to the foreground planes.

  32. Camera Lens • Zoom lens • Lens with a focal length that can be changed during a shot. • Shift to telephoto range magnifies the image and flattens the space • Shift to wide-angle increases depth cues and demagnifies the background.

  33. Depth of Field • The range of distance within which objects can be photographed and remain in sharp focus. • Short focal length has greater depth of field. • Long focal length reduces depth of field.

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