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Future Comforts Andrew Keogh Carrier Air Conditioning

Future Comforts Andrew Keogh Carrier Air Conditioning. Air Conditioning Energy Use. AC can account for over 1/3 rd of all electricity used in a building The UK National Grid has now become “summer peaking”. 1,300 MW extra load on hot days, growing at 8%

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Future Comforts Andrew Keogh Carrier Air Conditioning

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  1. Future Comforts Andrew Keogh Carrier Air Conditioning

  2. Air Conditioning Energy Use • AC can account for over 1/3rd of all electricity used in a building • The UK National Grid has now become “summer peaking”. • 1,300 MW extra load on hot days, growing at 8% • Rapid growth in the use of AC is threatening our Kyoto commitments

  3. Air Conditioning Energy Use

  4. 90 % 300 %

  5. Natural Ventilation

  6. Design Constraints • Exposed building fabric • Low internal gains • Atrium / Chimney • High thermal mass • Open plan • Shallow floor plan • Sun shades or blinds • Away from city centre • Vents, wind catchers, solar chimneys

  7. Design Conditions

  8. Refrigerant Choice

  9. T T1 T2 S System Fundamentals COP=T2/(T1-T2)

  10. System Fundamentals Air cooled 6/12

  11. System Fundamentals Air cooled 6/12 Water cooled 6/12

  12. System Fundamentals Air cooled 6/12 Water cooled 6/12 Water cooled 16/20

  13. Free Cooling

  14. Free Cooling

  15. Variable Speed Drives

  16. The Answer Heat Pumps?

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