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Human Factors

Human Factors. Rich Carlson. A Changing Landscape. Improve Pilot skill level Improve Pilot support system Many names Aeronautical Decision Making Judgment Training CRM/SPRM Risk Management. Regulatory Requirements. FAR 61.97 Aeronautical Knowledge

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Human Factors

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  1. Human Factors Rich Carlson

  2. A Changing Landscape • Improve Pilot skill level • Improve Pilot support system • Many names • Aeronautical Decision Making • Judgment Training • CRM/SPRM • Risk Management

  3. Regulatory Requirements • FAR 61.97 Aeronautical Knowledge • (b)(11) Aeronautical Decision Making and Judgment • Practical Test Standard (PTS) • Single Pilot Resource Management

  4. ADM – Underlying Principles • Good judgment can be learned • Explicit training using available resources • Books, pamphlets, AC’s • Implicit training by example • what you do vs what you say • what do your peers do

  5. Implicit Learning

  6. ADM – Decision Making Process

  7. ADM – 5 Hazardous Thoughts • Based on study of pilots • Anti-Authority (follow the rules they’re usually right) • Invulnerability (it can happen to me) • Impulsive (slow down and think first) • Macho (taking chances is foolish) • Resignation (I can make a difference)

  8. ADM - Example

  9. ADM – Current Thinking • Decisions are based on • Experience • Knowledge of multiple facts • Expected outcome • Evaluation of changing events • Known or expected risks • Known or expected rewards

  10. American vs Swiss Cheese

  11. ADM – Swiss Cheese Model

  12. ADM – Tools to Improve the Odds • Erect multiple barriers to prevent mistakes • Glider assembly process • POH, or other written, instructions • Limit distractions • Knowledgeable assistant • Suitable space • Post assembly checklist • Positive Control Check • Critical Assembly Check

  13. ADM – Tools to Improve the Odds • Evaluate actions, reactions, and responses • Pre-flight: Are you ready for this flight? • In-flight: Is this the right course of action now? • Post-flight: What actions, or inactions, do I feel uncomfortable with and how can I improve things?

  14. ADM - Problems • Why would items not be accomplished • Forgot • Rushed • Distracted • Ignored • Deemed unimportant

  15. SPRM - Background • Grew out of Commercial Airline Operations • Flight crew failed to warn the pilot of a problem/mistake • Captain didn’t listen to other crew members

  16. CRM – Airline Operations • Individuals the flight crew can use • Flight crew members • Ground crew • Dispatchers • Maintenance personnel • ATC • Weather specialists

  17. SPRM – Glider Operations • Individuals the Glider Pilot can use • Pilot, co-Pilot in multi-place glider • Fellow club members • Ground crew • Wing runner • Tow Pilot • Instructor

  18. Conclusions • Every pilot must receive ADM & SPRM instruction • Good judgment can be taught • Poor judgment leads to accidents and higher insurance bills

  19. ADM – Decision Making Process

  20. ADM – Decision Making Process

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