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Obtain permission from Khan to set up a radio receiver

Obtain permission from Khan to set up a radio receiver. Cross Cultural Communications. Counseling. Photos Courtesy of the US Department of Defense. Communications Model. The Sender. The Receiver. Message Sent. Me ss age Received. Encode. Decode. Environmental and Social Filters.

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Obtain permission from Khan to set up a radio receiver

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  1. Obtain permission from Khan to set up a radio receiver

  2. Cross Cultural Communications Counseling Photos Courtesy of the US Department of Defense

  3. Communications Model The Sender The Receiver Message Sent Message Received Encode Decode Environmental and Social Filters

  4. Perception and communication How do I perceive myself? How do I perceive you? How do you perceive me?

  5. How do I perceive myself? Soldier Spouse Parent Commander

  6. Impediments to Observation Bias and Prejudice NASA

  7. Impediments to Observation Cultural Bias “The Bowling Ball effect” Cultural Prejudice “The Halo or Horns effect” Validates Self by diminishing Others Marianne Stokes Codex Gigas Public Domain Images

  8. How do I perceive you? Threat Friend Neutral Them Us Inferior Superior Trustworthy

  9. How do you perceive me? Pythia, The Oracle of Delphi “Know Thyself.” Public Domain Image

  10. Practical Exercise American Culture and Communication • Working in groups: • Given two assigned American cultural characteristics. • Determine how these perceptions might affect communication across cultures and how to compensate for negative influences or use positive ones to advantage. • Share your assessment with the class.

  11. - Meanings - “Where Cultures Collide” Time–Monochronic or Polychronic? Face –Getting to “No” you. Personal Space –Where is close enough? Fate –Personal or External Control? Emotion –Show or Conceal?

  12. The Communication Agenda All communication has agenda My agenda - 1 + Your agenda - 2 + ( Our agenda - 3 ) + ( Their agenda - 4 ) 1+2+3+4= infinite maybe

  13. The Message and Encoding Verbal Volume Inflection Cadence Language “Language is a system of symbols that people use to communicate with one another. It is a learned element of culture.” FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency

  14. The Message and Encoding Nonverbal Dress Posture Gesture Facial Expression “Successful communication requires more than just grammatical knowledge; it also requires understanding … nonverbal cues.” FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency

  15. The Message and Encoding Written Source Literacy Language Images Contracts

  16. Communication Verification Verification (“Bedroom Effect”) How does the other culture verify information? Family – helpful or destructive Faith – supported or refuted by doctrine Friends – supplement or refute Insight – personal validation Golden Nuggets “I’ve read, I’ve heard, I’ve seen, I think.” “You said, She said, They did.”

  17. Communications Feedback Ensuring the message sent is the message received. Ensuring the message received is the message sent.

  18. Cross Cultural Communications

  19. Cross-Cultural Rapport Building Photo Courtesy of U.S. Army “Bridging the Great Cultural Divide”

  20. Rapport is … • Source confidence which leads to a willingness to cooperate (FM 2-22.3) • A relationship marked by cooperation, conformity, harmony, or affinity. (FM 3-07.1)

  21. Fundamentals of Rapport Building for mission effectiveness and efficiency • Matching and Mirroring* • Kinesics (body language and other non-verbals) • Paralanguage (volume, tone, speech rate, pitch) * To be used subtly and appropriately! • Lead • Provide purpose, motivation, and direction for the relationship • Don’t drag people to your way of doing/seeing things • Utilize what is theirs - perception, emotion, thought in order to influence person and subtly guide the relationship • Patience

  22. Essential Components Positivity Coordination Attention Photo Courtesy of U.S. Army

  23. Successful Rapport Over Time ! ! ! Attention + +/- +/- Positivity x x x Coordination Short Medium Long

  24. Active Listening Skills Hearing vs. Listening • Approach • Role Reversal • Defer Judgment • Acknowledgement • Rephrasing • Note-Taking • Body Language

  25. Building Rapport through an Interpreter • Instruct the interpreter to mirror the tone and personality of advisor’s speech. • Avoid such phrases as, “Tell him that...” and “I would like to have you say...” • Avoid looking at the interpreter during discussion; remain focused on the other person. • Control the interpreter. Taken from TC 31-73 SF Advisor’s Guide

  26. Rapport Scenarios: What Would You Do? • Complete the handout by • Describing the series of actions that you would perform in the given situation • List the factors that influenced your decisions (be specific) • After completion, review your answers to find what is consistent and what is not from culture to culture in rapport building

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