History of Violence toward Civilians and Transitional Justice Chamnan Chanruang 20 Feb 2017

1. History of Violence toward Civilians and Transitional Justice ChamnanChanruang 20 Feb 2017

2. 14 October 1973

7. 6 October 1976

11. May 1992

15. May 2010

22. Bangkok in Flame May 20, 2010 More than 90 people died because of suffocation. But no government officer is punished.

23. Military on the Sky Train Station 6 people Got Killed

29. TJ (Continue)

34. Back Ground: Color Political Conflict • 1957-1972 Most Suppressive Period during Cold War • 1973 The 14th October people Uprising 40 people died, amnesty • 1976 The Massacre of Student at Thammasat University, amnesty • 1991 The Military led by Gen. Suchinda seized power • 1992 The military government was overthrown by a bloodshed people uprising (May Event) resulting 40 people died, dozens disappeared • A fact finding committee, amnesty, People Constitution 1997, some reform • Mr. Taksin came to power • 2000s The Yellow VS Taksin and his supporters • 2006 The military seized power and the rise of the Red in protesting the military interference

35. Back Ground (Continue) • 2007 Constitution led to election , Mr.Taksin’s party again set up government • 2008-2014 Turmoil due to the conflict between the Yellow and the Red • 2009-2010 Big and protracted demonstration of the Red against Abhisith Government, using arm force resulting 92 demonstrators and 10 military and the policemen killed • 2011Abhisith appointed TRCT headed by Dr. Kanit Na Nakorn • 2011 Election, Taksin’s Party set up the government led by Yingluk • 2014 The NCPO seized the power from Yingluck government to keep order, stability and “Real Reform” ! • 2017 NCPO initiated the “Reconciliation”

36. Causes of Violence • Demonstration: in many events the leaders are not be able to keep the demonstration in line with the “unarmed and peace full public demonstration” Some leaders cite violence , made hate speech . • Crowd Control: the military was deployed to control the demonstration. They were not well trained and did not comply with international standards. In many event the forces were used excessively. • Media, especially those controlled by the conflicting party were used to spread the hate speech and cite the violence

37. Root Causes of Conflict • The conflict and violence rooted deeply in problems related to economic, social, class and political structures. Fearing that change would affect the benefits the conservative resisted change in order to maintain the status quo. • The tension combined with structural socio-economic problems, inequality among social classes, intervention by the military in politics through coups, the use of media as tool in fanning conflict, and weakness in democratic, judicial mechanisms and rule of law. • Corruption !

38. h Recommendation to Use TJ • Conflict is a natural phenomenon in all societies. If a society lacks effective mechanisms for dealing with conflict there may be great losses. When violence occurs all parties should develop an understanding and implement the principles of TJ which are important principles that will lead a society to overcome the conflict and prevent further violence.

39. Recommendations • An independent and impartial reconciliation mechanism shall be set up • Modified TJ shall be deployed , amnesty shall be carefully considered. • Structural reforms. justice system and strengthen the rule of law • Strengthen democracy, good governance and human rights • Reduction all forms of inequality, promote decentralization and income distribution, • Military and security reform • Reform of the media

40. Prospects and Challenges • Thailand is under transitional period? • How to restore and reform democracy? • How to reform security sectors, judiciary, administrative and economic structure ? • Change management, how to make reformation but to keep a certain level of stability?

41. Thank you