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ALPHA Storage Ring

ALPHA Storage Ring. Indiana University Xiaoying Pang. Summary. Purpose Wiggler design Injection and Extraction RF cavity Touschek lifetime Vacuum Photon source. Our Purpose. Provide radiation effect experiments for NASA Debunch the rf linac beam bunches

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ALPHA Storage Ring

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  1. ALPHA Storage Ring Indiana University Xiaoying Pang

  2. Summary • Purpose • Wiggler design • Injection and Extraction • RF cavity • Touschek lifetime • Vacuum • Photon source

  3. Our Purpose • Provide radiation effect experiments for NASA Debunch the rf linac beam bunches • Compact X-ray photon source based on Inverse Compton scattering (ICSX) Advantage: low cost, easy operation. Difficulties: long damping time, negative horizontal damping partition, space charge effect, beam lifetime issue.

  4. Design • Typical operational energy : 20MeV ~100MeV, maximum : 600MeV • Dipole (existing) 1) effective length 2m 2) bending radius r = 1.273m 3) edge angle 12⁰  vertical focusing • Wiggler (three dipoles) 1) modify damping partition number  horizontal betatron motion stable (without wigglers Jx = -0.3 ) 2) tune momentum compaction factor 3m C = 20 m T = 66.6 ns

  5. Wiggler Design • Three gradient rectangular dipoles with B1 /B0=1.9 m−1 , where B1=(dBz /dx)x=0 • The minimum vertical gap is 40mm. • Maximum field strength is 1.67 kG at 25MeV, 6.7kG at 100MeV. 0.1m 0.1m 0.2m

  6. Wiggler Design A linac beam can be debunched of its rf structure in one turn if |ac|≥0.5 When the wiggler is turned off, rw=∞ positive horizontal damping partition number zero momentum compaction factor Qausi-isochronous condition

  7. Wiggler Design 25MeV At 50 MeV , the horizontal damping time can be 10s.

  8. Injection • Two bumpers and a Lamberston septum are used • Use electrostatic kickers with kicker rise time 10ns • Beams are injected from a linac with 25MeV (up to 60 MeV) • Phase space painting

  9. septum dipole kicker 1 kicker2

  10. At the kickers’ location: f21 = p = 180, b1/ b2=2.185/2.185  q1/q2 = 1 At the septum’s location: bs = 0.818, q1 = q2 = 24 mrad Xco(septum)  32 mm beam pipe 25mm 2-5mm

  11. 1mm 5mm or 2mm 2mm Amax = 25mm Septum X=0

  12. x ’ Septum 5 injections per ellipse x x ’ Septum 4 injections per ellipse More Ellipses! x

  13. Kicker Strength For one turn injection and extraction, the integrated field strength is 0.60 MV at 25 MeV electron beam energy. Choosing a length of L=0.5 m, the applied voltage on two plate is 60 kV.

  14. Sample Injection Watch the beam at septum

  15. Beam profile evolution around the ring

  16. Let’s take into the consideration of the apertures at the bending dipoles and electrostatic kickers. Set the aperture radius at dipoles to be 100mm = 0.1m, at kickers to be 25mm. The total injection numbers will decrease. With about 10 turns of injection, 50ns bunch length and 0.5A linac current, we can achieve:

  17. Extraction by Lambertsonextraction magnet The Lambertson septum is used to extract beam. Injection Extraction Septum 1.4m 1.4m 0.2m

  18. RF cavity • Revolution frequency 15MHz • In the operational mode of debunching no RF cavity is needed. • For beam physics study with quasi-isochronous condition, we can modify the existing MPI cavity to make it operate at h=1, f=15MHz

  19. MPI Cavity • Was built for proton acceleration with frequency from 2 to 10MHz • A quarter-wave –like cavity, is loaded with 10 ferrite rings with quadrupole field bias. • Major RF tuning is achieved by parallel external capacitors. With an external capacitance Cext =290 pF , the cavity was tested up to 11.4MHz, the resulting shunt impedance was about 1k. Diameter of the cavity ~0.55m; Length ~0.6m

  20. In the future • For 15MHz operation, we need to reduce the external capacitance to about 120pF or the number of ferrite rings in the cavity. • Reconfigure the ferrite rings to maximize the shunt impedance for a possible 3kV voltage. • We will built a 90 MHz rf cavity for harmonic h=6 (or 494 MHz, h=33)in order to achieve a bunch length of the order of 10ps for short-pulse X-rays

  21. Touschek lifetime • Toucheck lifetime is sensitive • to the parameter: • is the rf bucket height, • is the horizontal momen- • tum spread • can range from 0.001 to 1. • we will need a lifetime of 1h • or more. • It can also be varied by changing • the momentum compaction factor where,

  22. Vacuum Emittances are dominated by pressure in low energy, become natural emittances at high energy.

  23. Compact Photon Source • The X-ray is generated by laser- electron scattering at the chicane magnet.

  24. X-ray • The energy of the scattering photon is: where, EL is the laser energy, bc is the electron speed, q is angle of the scattered X-ray photon, q* is the crossing angle of the laser and the electron beam, for head on collision, q*=p. is a small correction term. • The scattered X-ray photons are confined to a cone of 1/g with respect to the electron beam direction • The bending angle of the chicane magnet can vary from zero to 110mrad. • The scattered X-ray can easily be separated from the circulating electron beam at a distance 25cm from the collision point.

  25. Photon Brilliance • The brilliance of the back scattering X-ray photon is: • The X-ray flux is given by: where L is the luminosity. For head-on collision, the luminosity is: • Brilliance  1/sx2sz2

  26. Quadrupole Triplet

  27. Fitting results Best results Parameters

  28. Currently the ALPHA ring is under construction. • We will start the experiments on RF cavity soon.

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